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The Minkowski Question Mark function relates the continued-fraction representation of the real numbers, to their binary expansion. This function is peculiar in many ways; one is that its derivative is 'singular'. One can show by classical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-10-08 Linas Vepstas

Given a probability measure space $(X,\Sigma,\mu)$, it is well known that the Riesz space $L^0(\mu)$ of equivalence classes of measurable functions $f: X \to \mathbf{R}$ is universally complete and the constant function $\mathbf{1}$ is a…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Simone Cerreia-Vioglio , Paolo Leonetti , Fabio Maccheroni

We provide an example of a zero-dimensional compact metric space $X$ and its closed subspace $A$ such that there is no continuous linear extension operator for the Lipschitz pseudometrics on $A$ to the Lipschitz pseudometrics on $X$. The…

General Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Michael Zarichnyi

Let $n\geq 1$, $K>0$, and let $X=(X_1,X_2,\dots,X_n)$ be a random vector in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with independent $K$--subgaussian components. We show that for every $1$--Lipschitz convex function $f$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ (the Lipschitzness with…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-05-02 Han Huang , Konstantin Tikhomirov

We show that, given a Banach space $X$, the Lipschitz-free space over $X$, denoted by $\mathcal{F}(X)$, is isomorphic to $(\sum_{n=1}^\infty \mathcal{F}(X))_{\ell_1}$. Some applications are presented, including a non-linear version of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-11-13 Pedro Levit Kaufmann

We obtain some new characterizations of a variable version of Lipschitz spaces in terms of the boundedness of commutators of sharp maximal functions, fractional maximal functions or fractional maximal commutators in the context of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-17 Xuechun Yang , Zhenzhen Yang , Baode Li

We study the set $\operatorname{SNA}(M,Y)$ of those Lipschitz maps from a (complete pointed) metric space $M$ to a Banach space $Y$ which (strongly) attain their Lipschitz norm (i.e.\ the supremum defining the Lipschitz norm is a maximum).…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2019-01-09 Bernardo Cascales , Rafa Chiclana , Luis Garcia-Lirola , Miguel Martin , Abraham Rueda Zoca

Let $A$ be a vector space of real valued functions on a non-empty set $X$ and $L:A\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ a linear functional. Given a $\sigma$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$, of subsets of $X$, we present a necessary condition for $L$ to be…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-03-28 Mehdi Ghasemi

We study spaces of essentially bounded functions on compact subsets of the real line, equipped with the Alexiewicz norm given by the supremum norm of the primitive. Using the associated measure projection, we classify their surjective…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Nuno J. Alves

The classical Hahn-Banach theorem is based on a successive point-by-point procedure of extending bounded linear functionals. In the setting of a general metric domain, the conditions are less restrictive and the extension is only required…

General Topology · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Valentin Gutev

We study a systematic way to produce a Lipschitz operator ideal from a Banach linear operator ideal $\mathcal A$. For maximal and minimal operator ideals $\mathcal A$, the Lipschitz maximal hull and minimal kernel of the Lipschitz operator…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2023-07-13 Nahuel Albarracín , Pablo Turco

Suppose that $M$ is an even lattice with dual $M^{*}$ and level $N$. Then the group $Mp_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$, which is the unique non-trivial double cover of $SL_{2}(\mathbb{Z})$, admits a representation $\rho_{M}$, called the Weil…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-12 Shaul Zemel

We investigate when the local Lipschitz property of the real-valued function $g(z) = d_Y (f(z),A)$ implies the global Lipschitz property of the mapping $f:X\to Y$ between the metric spaces $(X,d_X)$ and $(Y,d_Y)$. Here, $d_Y(y,A)$ denotes…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-07-22 Marijan Markovic

This article considers the Lipschitz space with mixed logarithmic smoothness of $2\pi$ periodic functions of several variables. We obtain equivalent descriptions of the norm of the Lipschitz space and prove embedding theorems between Besov…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Gabdolla Akishev

We show that any smooth bi-Lipschitz $h$ can be represented exactly as a composition $h_m \circ ... \circ h_1$ of functions $h_1,...,h_m$ that are close to the identity in the sense that each $\left(h_i-\mathrm{Id}\right)$ is Lipschitz, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Peter L. Bartlett , Steven N. Evans , Philip M. Long

We consider pairs of Banach spaces (M_0, M) such that M_0 is defined in terms of a little-o condition, and M is defined by the corresponding big-O condition. The construction is general and pairs include function spaces of vanishing and…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2015-09-16 Karl-Mikael Perfekt

We present an example of a zero-dimensional compact metric space $X$ and its closed subspace $A$ such that there is no continuous linear extension operator for the Lipschitz pseudometrics on $A$ to the Lipschitz pseudometrics on $X$. The…

General Topology · Mathematics 2012-07-13 Dušan Repovš , Mykhailo Zarichnyi

We construct a differentiable locally Lipschitz function $f$ in $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ with the property that for every convex body $K\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ there exists $\bar x \in \mathbb{R}^N$ such that $K$ coincides with the set $\partial_L…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Aris Daniilidis , Robert Deville , Sebastian Tapia-Garcia

We show that, for a separable and complete metric space $M$, the Lipschitz-free space $\mathcal F(M)$ embeds linearly and almost-isometrically into $\ell_1$ if and only if $M$ is a subset of an $\mathbb R$-tree with length measure 0.…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Ramón J. Aliaga , Colin Petitjean , Antonín Procházka

We revisit the mean field parametrization of shallow neural networks, using signed measures on unbounded parameter spaces and duality pairings that take into account the regularity and growth of activation functions. This setting directly…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Francesca Bartolucci , Marcello Carioni , José A. Iglesias , Yury Korolev , Emanuele Naldi , Stefano Vigogna