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The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Foundation models have revolutionized AI, but adapting them efficiently for multimodal tasks, particularly in dual-stream architectures composed of unimodal encoders, such as DINO and BERT, remains a significant challenge.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Wish Suharitdamrong , Tony Alex , Muhammad Awais , Sara Ahmed

Parameter-Efficient FineTuning (PEFT) methods have recently gained significant popularity thanks to the widespread availability of large-scale pretrained models. These methods allow for quick adaptation to downstream tasks with minimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Massimo Bini , Leander Girrbach , Zeynep Akata

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a cornerstone of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT). Yet, its efficacy is hampered by two fundamental limitations: semantic drift, by treating all update directions with equal importance, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xi Xiao , Chenrui Ma , Yunbei Zhang , Chen Liu , Zhuxuanzi Wang , Yanshu Li , Lin Zhao , Guosheng Hu , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods have shown promise in adapting large language models, yet existing approaches exhibit counter-intuitive phenomena: integrating router into prompt tuning (PT) increases training efficiency yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Nigel Collier

Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) demonstrate excellent performance on a wide range of tasks by scaling up parameter counts from O(10^9) to O(10^{12}) levels and further beyond. These large scales make it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yaqing Wang , Jialin Wu , Tanmaya Dabral , Jiageng Zhang , Geoff Brown , Chun-Ta Lu , Frederick Liu , Yi Liang , Bo Pang , Michael Bendersky , Radu Soricut

Fine-tuning large language models is essential for task-specific adaptation, yet it remains computationally prohibitive. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have emerged as a solution, but current approaches typically ignore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dayan Pan , Jingyuan Wang , Yilong Zhou , Jiawei Cheng , Pengyue Jia , Xiangyu Zhao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for adapting large-scale pre-trained models to downstream tasks with minimal additional parameters. Among PEFT methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out for its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Nghiem T. Diep , Dung Le , Tuan Truong , Tan Dinh , Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho

With the advent of large pre-trained transformer models, fine-tuning these models for various downstream tasks is a critical problem. Paucity of training data, the existence of data silos, and stringent privacy constraints exacerbate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Naif Alkhunaizi , Faris Almalik , Rouqaiah Al-Refai , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) and related fields. However, fine-tuning these models for specific tasks remains computationally expensive and risks degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Prakash Bhat

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have ignited a surge in demand for effective fine-tuning techniques, particularly in low-resource domains and languages. Active learning (AL), a set of algorithms designed to decrease labeling costs by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Josip Jukić , Jan Šnajder

As the adoption of large language models increases and the need for per-user or per-task model customization grows, the parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants, incur substantial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yang Li , Shaobo Han , Shihao Ji

Adapting pre-trained foundation models for diverse downstream tasks is a core practice in artificial intelligence. However, the wide range of tasks and high computational costs make full fine-tuning impractical. To overcome this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chongjie Si , Zhiyi Shi , Xuehui Wang , Yichen Xiao , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

With the continuous growth in the number of parameters of transformer-based pretrained language models (PLMs), particularly the emergence of large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters, many natural language processing (NLP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Lingling Xu , Haoran Xie , Si-Zhao Joe Qin , Xiaohui Tao , Fu Lee Wang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is an effective methodology to unleash the potential of large foundation models in novel scenarios with limited training data. In the computer vision community, PEFT has shown effectiveness in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zelin Peng , Zhengqin Xu , Zhilin Zeng , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian , Wei Shen

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as one of the most widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods for adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks. While highly effective in single-task settings, it struggles…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Bo Cheng , Xu Wang , Jinda Liu , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) aims to adapt pre-trained vision models to downstream tasks. Among PEFT paradigms, sparse tuning achieves remarkable performance by adjusting only the weights most relevant to downstream tasks, rather…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Shufan Shen , Junshu Sun , Shuhui Wang , Qingming Huang

Continual learning requires the model to learn multiple tasks sequentially. In continual learning, the model should possess the ability to maintain its performance on old tasks (stability) and the ability to adapt to new tasks continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yan-Shuo Liang , Wu-Jun Li

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has been widely employed for domain adaptation, with LoRA being one of the most prominent methods due to its simplicity and effectiveness. However, in multi-task learning (MTL) scenarios, LoRA tends to…

Foundation models excel across diverse tasks, but adapting them to specialized applications often requires fine-tuning, an approach that is memory and compute-intensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods mitigate this by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Abel Gurung , Joseph Campbell