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Unsupervised image classification, or image clustering, aims to group unlabeled images into semantically meaningful categories. Early methods integrated representation learning and clustering within an iterative framework. However, the rise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Melih Baydar , Emre Akbas

The success of contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) relies on the supervision from the pairing between images and captions, which tends to be noisy in web-crawled data. We present Mixture of Data Experts (MoDE) and learn a system…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Jiawei Ma , Po-Yao Huang , Saining Xie , Shang-Wen Li , Luke Zettlemoyer , Shih-Fu Chang , Wen-Tau Yih , Hu Xu

Our work proposes a novel deep learning framework for estimating crowd density from static images of highly dense crowds. We use a combination of deep and shallow, fully convolutional networks to predict the density map for a given crowd…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Lokesh Boominathan , Srinivas S S Kruthiventi , R. Venkatesh Babu

Crowd counting, for estimating the number of people in a crowd using vision-based computer techniques, has attracted much interest in the research community. Although many attempts have been reported, real-world problems, such as huge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Saeed Amirgholipour Kasmani , Xiangjian He , Wenjing Jia , Dadong Wang , Michelle Zeibots

Crowd counting is a challenging task due to the large variations in crowd distributions. Previous methods tend to tackle the whole image with a single fixed structure, which is unable to handle diverse complicated scenes with different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Zhikang Zou , Yu Cheng , Xiaoye Qu , Shouling Ji , Xiaoxiao Guo , Pan Zhou

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has recently shown great promise in pixel-level zero-shot learning tasks. However, existing approaches utilizing CLIP's text and patch embeddings to generate semantic masks often misidentify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jingyao Li , Pengguang Chen , Shengju Qian , Shu Liu , Jiaya Jia

CLIP models perform remarkably well on zero-shot classification and retrieval tasks. But recent studies have shown that learnt representations in CLIP are not well suited for dense prediction tasks like object detection, semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Pavan Kumar Anasosalu Vasu , Hadi Pouransari , Fartash Faghri , Oncel Tuzel

Low-shot image classification is a fundamental task in computer vision, and the emergence of large-scale vision-language models such as CLIP has greatly advanced the forefront of research in this field. However, most existing CLIP-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yibo Miao , Yu Lei , Feng Zhou , Zhijie Deng

Classification and clustering algorithms have been proved to be successful individually in different contexts. Both of them have their own advantages and limitations. For instance, although classification algorithms are more powerful than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Tanmoy Chakraborty

Anomaly detection is a complex problem due to the ambiguity in defining anomalies, the diversity of anomaly types (e.g., local and global defect), and the scarcity of training data. As such, it necessitates a comprehensive model capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Byeongchan Lee , John Won , Seunghyun Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Deep learning occupies an undisputed dominance in crowd counting. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called SegCrowdNet. Despite the complex background in crowd scenes, the proposeSegCrowdNet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Jiwei Chen , Zengfu Wang

Most crowd counting methods directly regress blockwise density maps using Mean Squared Error (MSE) losses. This practice has two key limitations: (1) it fails to account for the extreme spatial sparsity of annotations - over 95% of 8x8…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Yiming Ma , Victor Sanchez , Tanaya Guha

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) map dense feature representations into human-interpretable concepts which are then combined linearly to make a prediction. However, modern CBMs rely on the CLIP model to obtain image-concept annotations, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Fawaz Sammani , Jonas Fischer , Nikos Deligiannis

We introduce a detection framework for dense crowd counting and eliminate the need for the prevalent density regression paradigm. Typical counting models predict crowd density for an image as opposed to detecting every person. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Deepak Babu Sam , Skand Vishwanath Peri , Mukuntha Narayanan Sundararaman , Amogh Kamath , R. Venkatesh Babu

In this paper, we explore a strong baseline for crowd counting and an unsupervised people localization algorithm based on estimated density maps. Firstly, existing methods achieve state-of-the-art performance based on different backbones…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Liangzi Rong , Chunping Li

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) has made a remarkable breakthrough in open-vocabulary zero-shot image recognition. Many recent studies leverage the pre-trained CLIP models for image-level classification and manipulation. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Chong Zhou , Chen Change Loy , Bo Dai

This paper introduces a powerful encoder that transfers CLIP`s capabilities to event-based data, enhancing its utility and expanding its applicability across diverse domains. While large-scale datasets have significantly advanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Sungheon Jeong , Hanning Chen , Sanggeon Yun , Suhyeon Cho , Wenjun Huang , Xiangjian Liu , Mohsen Imani

In real-world crowd counting applications, the crowd densities vary greatly in spatial and temporal domains. A detection based counting method will estimate crowds accurately in low density scenes, while its reliability in congested areas…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Jiang Liu , Chenqiang Gao , Deyu Meng , Alexander G. Hauptmann

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) provides a foundation model by integrating natural language into visual concepts, enabling zero-shot recognition on downstream tasks. It is usually expected that satisfactory overall accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Jie-Jing Shao , Jiang-Xin Shi , Xiao-Wen Yang , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) models have shown significant potential, particularly in zero-shot classification across diverse distribution shifts. Building on existing evaluations of overall classification robustness, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Weijie Tu , Weijian Deng , Tom Gedeon