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In the domain of multivariate time series analysis, the concept of channel independence has been increasingly adopted, demonstrating excellent performance due to its ability to eliminate noise and the influence of irrelevant variables.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Haoxin Wang , Yipeng Mo , Kunlan Xiang , Nan Yin , Honghe Dai , Bixiong Li , Songhai Fan , Site Mo

In multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF), accurately modeling the intricate dependencies among multiple variables remains a significant challenge due to the inherent limitations of traditional approaches. Most existing models adopt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Yuchen Luo , Xinyu Li , Liuhua Peng , Mingming Gong

Multivariate time series forecasting tasks are usually conducted in a channel-dependent (CD) way since it can incorporate more variable-relevant information. However, it may also involve a lot of irrelevant variables, and this even leads to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Qinshuo Liu , Yanwen Fang , Pengtao Jiang , Guodong Li

There has been a recent surge of interest in time series modeling using the Transformer architecture. However, forecasting multivariate time series with Transformer presents a unique challenge as it requires modeling both temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Yu-Hsiang Lan , Eric K. Oermann

Irregularly sampled multivariate time series (ISMTS) are prevalent in reality. Due to their non-uniform intervals between successive observations and varying sampling rates among series, the channel-independent (CI) strategy, which has been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jiexi Liu , Meng Cao , Songcan Chen

Multivariate time-series analysis involves extracting informative representations from sequences of multiple interdependent variables, supporting tasks such as forecasting, imputation, and anomaly detection. In real-world scenarios, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Israel Zexer , Omri Azencot

Multivariate forecasting with Transformers faces a core scalability challenge: modeling cross-channel dependencies via attention compounds attention's quadratic sequence complexity with quadratic channel scaling, making full cross-channel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Willa Potosnak , Nina Żukowska , Michał Wiliński , Dan Howarth , Ignacy Stępka , Mononito Goswami , Artur Dubrawski

The Transformer model has shown strong performance in multivariate time series forecasting by leveraging channel-wise self-attention. However, this approach lacks temporal constraints when computing temporal features and does not utilize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Shiwei Guo , Ziang Chen , Yupeng Ma , Yunfei Han , Yi Wang

In the past few years, time series foundation models have achieved superior predicting accuracy. However, real-world time series often exhibit significant diversity in their temporal patterns across different time spans and domains, making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Aobo Liang , Yan Sun , Xiaohou Shi , Ke Li

Transformer-based models have greatly pushed the boundaries of time series forecasting recently. Existing methods typically encode time series data into $\textit{patches}$ using one or a fixed set of patch lengths. This, however, could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Linfeng Du , Ji Xin , Alex Labach , Saba Zuberi , Maksims Volkovs , Rahul G. Krishnan

Among the existing Transformer-based multivariate time series forecasting methods, iTransformer, which treats each variable sequence as a token and only explicitly extracts cross-variable dependencies, and PatchTST, which adopts a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Liyang Qin , Xiaoli Wang , Chunhua Yang , Huaiwen Zou , Haochuan Zhang

Multivariate time series data comprises various channels of variables. The multivariate forecasting models need to capture the relationship between the channels to accurately predict future values. However, recently, there has been an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Lu Han , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

Recent advancements have underscored the impact of deep learning techniques on multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF). Generally, these techniques are bifurcated into two categories: Channel-independence and Channel-mixing approaches.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shiyi Qi , Liangjian Wen , Yiduo Li , Yuanhang Yang , Zhe Li , Zhongwen Rao , Lujia Pan , Zenglin Xu

Time series forecasting has attracted significant attention in recent decades. Previous studies have demonstrated that the Channel-Independent (CI) strategy improves forecasting performance by treating different channels individually, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Jialin Chen , Jan Eric Lenssen , Aosong Feng , Weihua Hu , Matthias Fey , Leandros Tassiulas , Jure Leskovec , Rex Ying

Real-world time series data are inherently multivariate, often exhibiting complex inter-channel dependencies. Each channel is typically sampled at its own period and is prone to missing values due to various practical and operational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jinkwan Jang , Hyungjin Park , Jinmyeong Choi , Taesup Kim

We propose an efficient design of Transformer-based models for multivariate time series forecasting and self-supervised representation learning. It is based on two key components: (i) segmentation of time series into subseries-level patches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Yuqi Nie , Nam H. Nguyen , Phanwadee Sinthong , Jayant Kalagnanam

Multivariate time series forecasting focuses on predicting future values based on historical context. State-of-the-art sequence-to-sequence models rely on neural attention between timesteps, which allows for temporal learning but fails to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Jake Grigsby , Zhe Wang , Nam Nguyen , Yanjun Qi

Transformer has become one of the most popular architectures for multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting. Recent Transformer-based MTS models generally prefer channel-independent structures with the observation that channel independence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Ce Chi , Xing Wang , Kexin Yang , Zhiyan Song , Di Jin , Lin Zhu , Chao Deng , Junlan Feng

In the burgeoning ecosystem of Internet of Things, multivariate time series (MTS) data has become ubiquitous, highlighting the fundamental role of time series forecasting across numerous applications. The crucial challenge of long-term MTS…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Zhenwei Zhang , Linghang Meng , Yuantao Gu

In multivariate time series forecasting (MTSF), existing strategies for processing sequences are typically categorized as channel-independent and channel-mixing. The former treats all temporal information of each variable as a token,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Bing Fan , Shusen Ma , Yun-Bo Zhao , Yu Kang
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