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Two major areas of interest in the era of Large Language Models regard questions of what do LLMs know, and if and how they may be able to reason (or rather, approximately reason). Since to date these lines of work progressed largely in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 D. Panas , S. Seth , V. Belle

Can a Large Language Model (LLM) solve simple abstract reasoning problems? We explore this broad question through a systematic analysis of GPT on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC), a representative benchmark of abstract reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yudong Xu , Wenhao Li , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Scott Sanner , Elias B. Khalil

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, they often struggle with complex reasoning tasks and are prone to hallucination. Recent research has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Xue Wu , Kostas Tsioutsiouliklis

Reasoning requires going beyond pattern matching or memorization of solutions to identify and implement "algorithmic procedures" that can be used to deduce answers to hard problems. Doing so requires realizing the most relevant primitives,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuxiao Qu , Anikait Singh , Yoonho Lee , Amrith Setlur , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Chelsea Finn , Aviral Kumar

Commonsense reasoning deals with the implicit knowledge that is well understood by humans and typically acquired via interactions with the world. In recent times, commonsense reasoning and understanding of various LLMs have been evaluated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Abhinav Joshi , Areeb Ahmad , Divyaksh Shukla , Ashutosh Modi

Inductive reasoning is an essential capability for large language models (LLMs) to achieve higher intelligence, which requires the model to generalize rules from observed facts and then apply them to unseen examples. We present MIRAGE, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Jiachun Li , Pengfei Cao , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) are excellent at maintaining high-level, convincing dialogue, but it remains unclear whether their persuasive success reflects genuine understanding of the discourse. We examine this question through informal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Adrian de Wynter , Tangming Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising results across various tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. Developing AI systems with strong reasoning capabilities is regarded as a crucial milestone in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiao-Wen Yang , Jie-Jing Shao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Bo-Wen Zhang , Zhi Zhou , Lin-Han Jia , Wang-Zhou Dai , Yu-Feng Li

This study investigates whether large language models (LLMs) mirror human neurocognition during abstract reasoning. We compared the performance and neural representations of human participants with those of eight open-source LLMs on an…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-15 Christopher Pinier , Sonia Acuña Vargas , Mariia Steeghs-Turchina , Dora Matzke , Claire E. Stevenson , Michael D. Nunez

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in situations where human values are at stake, such as decision-making tasks that involve reasoning when performed by humans. We investigate the so-called reasoning capabilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Nathaniël de Leeuw , Marceau Nahon , Mathis Reymond , Raja Chatila , Mehdi Khamassi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly focused on "reasoning" ability, a concept with many overlapping definitions in the LLM discourse. We take a more structured approach, distinguishing meta-level reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Nick Ferguson , Alan Bundy , Kwabena Nuamah

Reinforcement learning (RL) can refine the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), but critically depends on a key prerequisite: the LLM can already generate high-utility reasoning paths with non-negligible probability. For…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Tianqianjin Lin , Xi Zhao , Xingyao Zhang , Rujiao Long , Yi Xu , Zhuoren Jiang , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Do large language models (LLMs) display rational reasoning? LLMs have been shown to contain human biases due to the data they have been trained on; whether this is reflected in rational reasoning remains less clear. In this paper, we answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Mirco Musolesi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance but struggle with multi-step deductive reasoning involving a series of rule application steps, especially when rules are presented non-sequentially. Our preliminary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei , Yejin Choi , Xiang Ren

This paper investigates the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). For a precisely defined yet tractable formulation, we choose the conceptually simple but technically complex task of constructing proofs in Boolean…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yuan Xia , Akanksha Atrey , Fadoua Khmaissia , Kedar S. Namjoshi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities across various tasks. However, even minor variations in query phrasing, despite preserving the underlying semantic meaning, can significantly affect their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yihang Yao , Zhepeng Cen , Miao Li , William Han , Yuyou Zhang , Emerson Liu , Zuxin Liu , Chuang Gan , Ding Zhao

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems based on large-scale pretrained foundation models (PFMs) such as vision-language models, large language models (LLMs), diffusion models and vision-language-action (VLA) models have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Alhassan Mumuni , Fuseini Mumuni

This paper evaluates the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to leverage contextual information in the form of structured linguistic representations. Specifically, we examine the impact of encoding both short and long contexts using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Ankush Raut , Xiaofeng Zhu , Maria Leonor Pacheco

Large language models (LLMs) have mastered abundant simple and explicit commonsense knowledge through pre-training, enabling them to achieve human-like performance in simple commonsense reasoning. Nevertheless, LLMs struggle to reason with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Kai Xiong , Xiao Ding , Yixin Cao , Yuxiong Yan , Li Du , Yufei Zhang , Jinglong Gao , Jiaqian Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have drawn significant attention due to their outstanding reasoning capabilities and extensive knowledge repository, positioning them as superior in handling various natural language processing tasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Han Cao , Lingwei Wei , Mengyang Chen , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu