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Deep neural networks frequently suffer from performance degradation when the training data is long-tailed because several majority classes dominate the training, resulting in a biased model. Recent studies have made a great effort in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Juyong Jiang

Balancing performance trade-off on long-tail (LT) data distributions remains a long-standing challenge. In this paper, we posit that this dilemma stems from a phenomenon called "tail performance degradation" (the model tends to severely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Shenghan Chen , Yiming Liu , Yanzhen Wang , Yujia Wang , Xiankai Lu

The long-tail distribution of the visual world poses great challenges for deep learning based classification models on how to handle the class imbalance problem. Existing solutions usually involve class-balancing strategies, e.g., by loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Bingyi Kang , Saining Xie , Marcus Rohrbach , Zhicheng Yan , Albert Gordo , Jiashi Feng , Yannis Kalantidis

The imbalance (or long-tail) is the nature of many real-world data distributions, which often induces the undesirable bias of deep classification models toward frequent classes, resulting in poor performance for tail classes. In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Fudong Lin , Xu Yuan

The long-tailed image classification task remains important in the development of deep neural networks as it explicitly deals with large imbalances in the class frequencies of the training data. While uncommon in engineered datasets, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Marc-Antoine Lavoie , Steven Waslander

Semantic segmentation usually suffers from a long-tail data distribution. Due to the imbalanced number of samples across categories, the features of those tail classes may get squeezed into a narrow area in the feature space. Towards a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yuchao Wang , Jingjing Fei , Haochen Wang , Wei Li , Tianpeng Bao , Liwei Wu , Rui Zhao , Yujun Shen

Federated Learning (FL) has become a popular distributed learning paradigm that involves multiple clients training a global model collaboratively in a data privacy-preserving manner. However, the data samples usually follow a long-tailed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Wenkai Yang , Deli Chen , Hao Zhou , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

The long-tailed class distribution in visual recognition tasks poses great challenges for neural networks on how to handle the biased predictions between head and tail classes, i.e., the model tends to classify tail classes as head classes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Yidong Wang , Bowen Zhang , Wenxin Hou , Zhen Wu , Jindong Wang , Takahiro Shinozaki

In real-world scenarios, where knowledge distributions exhibit long-tail. Humans manage to master knowledge uniformly across imbalanced distributions, a feat attributed to their diligent practices of reviewing, summarizing, and correcting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Qihao Zhao , Yalun Dai , Shen Lin , Wei Hu , Fan Zhang , Jun Liu

Data in the real-world classification problems are always imbalanced or long-tailed, wherein the majority classes have the most of the samples that dominate the model training. In such setting, the naive model tends to have poor performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Hong Zhu , Runpeng Yu , Xing Tang , Yifei Wang , Yuan Fang , Yisen Wang

Many data distributions in the real world are hardly uniform. Instead, skewed and long-tailed distributions of various kinds are commonly observed. This poses an interesting problem for machine learning, where most algorithms assume or work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Charika de Alvis , Suranga Seneviratne

Beyond class frequency, we recognize the impact of class-wise relationships among various class-specific predictions and the imbalance in label masks on long-tailed segmentation learning. To address these challenges, we propose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Khoi Do , Duong Nguyen , Nguyen H. Tran , Viet Dung Nguyen

Existing long-tailed classification (LT) methods only focus on tackling the class-wise imbalance that head classes have more samples than tail classes, but overlook the attribute-wise imbalance. In fact, even if the class is balanced,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Kaihua Tang , Mingyuan Tao , Jiaxin Qi , Zhenguang Liu , Hanwang Zhang

Recognizing images with long-tailed distributions remains a challenging problem while there lacks an interpretable mechanism to solve this problem. In this study, we formulate Long-tailed recognition as Domain Adaption (LDA), by modeling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Zhiliang Peng , Wei Huang , Zonghao Guo , Xiaosong Zhang , Jianbin Jiao , Qixiang Ye

Long-tailed classification poses a challenge due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities and tail-sensitivity risks with asymmetric misprediction costs. Recent attempts have used re-balancing loss and ensemble methods, but they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Long-tailed (LT) classification is an unavoidable and challenging problem in the real world. Most existing long-tailed classification methods focus only on solving the class-wise imbalance while ignoring the attribute-wise imbalance. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Jinye Yang , Ji Xu , Di Wu , Jianhang Tang , Shaobo Li , Guoyin Wang

Learning-based solutions for long-tailed recognition face difficulties in generalizing on balanced test datasets. Due to imbalanced data prior, the learned \textit{a posteriori} distribution is biased toward the most frequent (head)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 S Divakar Bhat , Amit More , Mudit Soni , Surbhi Agrawal

Benchmark datasets for visual recognition assume that data is uniformly distributed, while real-world datasets obey long-tailed distribution. Current approaches handle the long-tailed problem to transform the long-tailed dataset to uniform…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Renhui Zhang , Tiancheng Lin , Rui Zhang , Yi Xu

Long-tailed classification is challenging due to its heavy imbalance in class probabilities. While existing methods often focus on overall accuracy or accuracy for tail classes, they overlook a critical aspect: certain types of errors can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Bolian Li , Ruqi Zhang

Real-world data often exhibits a long-tailed distribution, in which head classes occupy most of the data, while tail classes only have very few samples. Models trained on long-tailed datasets have poor adaptability to tail classes and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Qiong Chen , Tianlin Huang , Geren Zhu , Enlu Lin