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In recent years, pretrained large language models have demonstrated outstanding performance across various natural language processing tasks. However, full-parameter fine-tuning methods require adjusting all model parameters, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Jiancheng Zhao , Xingda Yu , Yuxiang Zhang , Zhen Yang

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved robust performance across diverse tasks, but fine-tuning these models for specific domains remains resource-intensive. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yuxuan Zhang , Ruizhe Li

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a standard tool for parameter-efficient finetuning of large models. While it induces a small memory footprint, its training dynamics can be surprisingly complex as they depend on several hyperparameters such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Nan Chen , Soledad Villar , Soufiane Hayou

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Exponential growth in the scale of modern foundation models has led to the widespread adoption of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) as a parameter-efficient fine-tuning technique. However, standard LoRA implementations disregard the varying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Vishnuprasadh Kumaravelu , Sunil Gupta , P. K. Srijith

Large-scale generative models like DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI-O1 benefit substantially from chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet pushing their performance typically requires vast data, large model sizes, and full-parameter fine-tuning. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yining Huang , Bin Li , Keke Tang , Meilian Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) must continuously learn and update knowledge to remain effective in dynamic real-world environments. While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for such memory updates, existing studies mainly rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ziwen Xu , Haiwen Hong , Linsong Yu , Benglei Cui , Longtao Huang , Hui Xue , Ningyu Zhang

This paper introduces Standard Basis LoRA (SBoRA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models that builds upon the pioneering works of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and Orthogonal Adaptation. SBoRA reduces the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Lai-Man Po , Yuyang Liu , Haoxuan Wu , Tianqi Zhang , Wing-Yin Yu , Zhuohan Wang , Zeyu Jiang , Kun Li

Federated fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs) faces significant challenges due to the heavy communication overhead of transmitting large model updates. Although Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been proposed as a solution, yet its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jabin Koo , Minwoo Jang , Jungseul Ok

Post-training has become essential for adapting large language models (LLMs) to complex downstream behaviors, including instruction following, preference alignment, and multi-step reasoning. Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Chengqian Zhang , Wei Zhu , Kyumin Lee

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Low-Rank Adaptation~(LoRA), which updates the dense neural network layers with pluggable low-rank matrices, is one of the best performed parameter efficient fine-tuning paradigms. Furthermore, it has significant advantages in cross-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yuren Mao , Yuhang Ge , Yijiang Fan , Wenyi Xu , Yu Mi , Zhonghao Hu , Yunjun Gao

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is an efficient fine-tuning method that has been extensively applied in areas such as natural language processing and computer vision. Existing LoRA fine-tuning approaches excel in static environments but struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Xin Zhang , Liang Bai , Xian Yang , Jiye Liang

With the proliferation of large pre-trained language models (PLMs), fine-tuning all model parameters becomes increasingly inefficient, particularly when dealing with numerous downstream tasks that entail substantial training and storage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nadav Benedek , Lior Wolf

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, fine-tuning LLMs is extraordinarily computationally expensive, preventing smaller businesses and research teams with limited GPU resources from engaging with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Daniel Frees , Aditri Bhagirath , Moritz Bolling

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) can be accurately fine-tuned for downstream text processing tasks. Recently, researchers have introduced several parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods that optimize input prompts or adjust a small number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Saeed Najafi , Alona Fyshe

The increasingly Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate stronger language understanding and generation capabilities, while the memory demand and computation cost of fine-tuning LLMs on downstream tasks are non-negligible. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Ting Hu , Christoph Meinel , Haojin Yang

Federated learning systems have been identified as an efficient approach to scaling distributed model training with a large amount of participants or data owners while guaranteeing data privacy. To apply the current most popular pre-trained…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qianli Liu , Zhaorui Zhang , Xin Yao , Benben Liu

Guardrails have emerged as an alternative to safety alignment for content moderation of large language models (LLMs). Existing model-based guardrails have not been designed for resource-constrained computational portable devices, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Hayder Elesedy , Pedro M. Esperança , Silviu Vlad Oprea , Mete Ozay