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Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel at single-image tasks but struggle with multi-image understanding due to cross-modal misalignment, leading to hallucinations (context omission, conflation, and misinterpretation). Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xudong Li , Mengdan Zhang , Peixian Chen , Xiawu Zheng , Yan Zhang , Jingyuan Zheng , Yunhang Shen , Ke Li , Chaoyou Fu , Xing Sun , Rongrong Ji

Visual preference alignment involves training Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) to predict human preferences between visual inputs. This is typically achieved by using labeled datasets of chosen/rejected pairs and employing optimization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Ziyu Liu , Yuhang Zang , Xiaoyi Dong , Pan Zhang , Yuhang Cao , Haodong Duan , Conghui He , Yuanjun Xiong , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

Instruction-following Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) have achieved significant progress recently on a variety of tasks. These approaches merge strong pre-trained vision models and large language models (LLMs). Since these components…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yiyang Zhou , Chenhang Cui , Rafael Rafailov , Chelsea Finn , Huaxiu Yao

Though reasoning abilities are considered language-agnostic, existing LLMs exhibit inconsistent reasoning abilities across different languages, e.g., reasoning in the dominant language like English is superior to other languages due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Shuaijie She , Wei Zou , Shujian Huang , Wenhao Zhu , Xiang Liu , Xiang Geng , Jiajun Chen

Preference optimization is widely used to align Large Language Models (LLMs) with preference feedback. However, most existing methods train on a single positive-negative pair per prompt, discarding additional supervision available in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jixuan Leng , Si Si , Hsiang-Fu Yu , Vinod Raman , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

Minimum Bayes Risk (MBR) decoding can significantly improve translation performance of Multilingual Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, MBR decoding is computationally expensive. We show how the recently developed Reinforcement Learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Guangyu Yang , Jinghong Chen , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne

Large language models (LLMs) have become widely adopted as automated judges for evaluating AI-generated content. Despite their success, aligning LLM-based evaluations with human judgments remains challenging. While supervised fine-tuning on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Bo Pan , Xuan Kan , Kaitai Zhang , Yan Yan , Shunwen Tan , Zihao He , Zixin Ding , Junjie Wu , Liang Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance but lack the flexibility to adapt to human preferences quickly without retraining. In this work, we introduce Test-time Preference Optimization (TPO), a framework that aligns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Yafu Li , Xuyang Hu , Xiaoye Qu , Linjie Li , Yu Cheng

Direct alignment from preferences (DAP) has emerged as a promising paradigm for aligning large language models (LLMs) to human desiderata from pre-collected, offline preference datasets. While recent studies indicate that existing offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Wenda Xu , Jiachen Li , William Yang Wang , Lei Li

In the field of large language models (LLMs), aligning models with the diverse preferences of users is a critical challenge. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has played a key role in this area. It works by using pairs of preferences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yi Gu , Hai Huang , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

To explore a more scalable path for adding multimodal capabilities to existing LLMs, this paper addresses a fundamental question: Can a unimodal LLM, relying solely on text, reason about its own informational needs and provide effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sazia Tabasum Mim , Jack Morris , Manish Dhakal , Yanming Xiu , Maria Gorlatova , Yi Ding

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) hold significant promise for medical applications, yet their deployment is often constrained by insufficient alignment and reliability. While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a potent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Dain Kim , Jiwoo Lee , Jaehoon Yun , Yong Hoe Koo , Qingyu Chen , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) can work as high-level robotic planners by reasoning over abstract task descriptions and natural language instructions, etc. However, they have shown a lack of knowledge and effectiveness in planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Wanming Yu , Adrian Röfer , Abhinav Valada , Sethu Vijayakumar

Aligning AI systems to users' interests requires understanding and incorporating humans' complex values and preferences. Recently, language models (LMs) have been used to gather information about the preferences of human users. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Kunal Handa , Yarin Gal , Ellie Pavlick , Noah Goodman , Jacob Andreas , Alex Tamkin , Belinda Z. Li

Instruction following (IF) is a critical capability for large language models (LLMs). However, handling complex instructions with multiple constraints remains challenging. Previous methods typically select preference pairs based on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xiang Huang , Ting-En Lin , Feiteng Fang , Yuchuan Wu , Hangyu Li , Yuzhong Qu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Direct preference optimization (DPO), a widely adopted offline preference optimization algorithm, aims to align large language models (LLMs) with human-desired behaviors using pairwise preference data. However, the generation of the winning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yuxin Jiang , Bo Huang , Yufei Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Xin Jiang , Lifeng Shang , Ruiming Tang , Wei Wang

Omni-modal large language models (omni LLMs) have recently achieved strong performance across audiovisual understanding tasks, yet they remain highly susceptible to cross-modal hallucinations arising from spurious correlations and dominant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ashutosh Chaubey , Jiacheng Pang , Mohammad Soleymani

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are powerful at integrating diverse data, but they often struggle with complex reasoning. While Reinforcement learning (RL) can boost reasoning in LLMs, applying it to MLLMs is tricky. Common issues…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Minjie Hong , Zirun Guo , Yan Xia , Zehan Wang , Ziang Zhang , Tao Jin , Zhou Zhao
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