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As language models achieve increasingly human-like capabilities in conversational text generation, a critical question emerges: to what extent can these systems simulate the characteristics of specific individuals? To evaluate this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Quan Shi , Carlos E. Jimenez , Stephen Dong , Brian Seo , Caden Yao , Adam Kelch , Karthik Narasimhan

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing education, with LLM-based agents playing a key role in simulating student behavior. A major challenge in student simulation is modeling the diverse learning patterns of students at various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tao Wu , Jingyuan Chen , Wang Lin , Mengze Li , Yumeng Zhu , Ang Li , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Generating complex, logically-sound SPARQL queries for multi-hop questions remains a critical bottleneck for Knowledge Graph Question Answering, as the brittle nature of one-shot generation by Large Language Models (LLMs) hinders reliable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Floris Vossebeld , Shenghui Wang

Children efficiently acquire language not just by listening, but by interacting with others in their social environment. Conversely, large language models are typically trained with next-word prediction on massive amounts of text. Motivated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Jonas Mayer Martins , Ali Hamza Bashir , Muhammad Rehan Khalid , Lisa Beinborn

The pursuit of human-level artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced the development of autonomous agents and Large Language Models (LLMs). LLMs are now widely utilized as decision-making agents for their ability to interpret…

Building intelligent agents that can communicate with and learn from humans in natural language is of great value. Supervised language learning is limited by the ability of capturing mainly the statistics of training data, and is hardly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Haichao Zhang , Haonan Yu , Wei Xu

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into scientific research, particularly in the social sciences, where understanding human behavior is critical. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in replicating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Ziyan Cui , Ning Li , Huaikang Zhou

One paradigm of language model (LM) fine-tuning relies on creating large training datasets, under the assumption that high quantity and diversity will enable models to generalize to novel tasks after post-training. In practice, gathering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly leveraged to empower autonomous agents to simulate human beings in various fields of behavioral research. However, evaluating their capacity to navigate complex social interactions remains a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xinyi Mou , Jingcong Liang , Jiayu Lin , Xinnong Zhang , Xiawei Liu , Shiyue Yang , Rong Ye , Lei Chen , Haoyu Kuang , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

Natural-language dialog is key for intuitive human-robot interaction. It can be used not only to express humans' intents, but also to communicate instructions for improvement if a robot does not understand a command correctly. Of great…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Leonard Bärmann , Rainer Kartmann , Fabian Peller-Konrad , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel , Tamim Asfour

Large language models (LLMs), due to their advanced natural language capabilities, have seen significant success in applications where the user interface is usually a conversational artificial intelligence (AI) agent and engages the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Fei Wei , Yaliang Li , Bolin Ding

To be helpful assistants, AI agents must be aware of their own capabilities and limitations. This includes knowing when to answer from parametric knowledge versus using tools, when to trust tool outputs, and when to abstain or hedge. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jacob Eisenstein , Reza Aghajani , Adam Fisch , Dheeru Dua , Fantine Huot , Mirella Lapata , Vicky Zayats , Jonathan Berant

The ability to combine linguistic guidance from others with direct experience is central to human development, enabling safe and rapid learning in new environments. How do people integrate these two sources of knowledge, and how might AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Cédric Colas , Tracey Mills , Ben Prystawski , Michael Henry Tessler , Noah Goodman , Jacob Andreas , Joshua Tenenbaum

Behavioral skills or policies for autonomous agents are conventionally learned from reward functions, via reinforcement learning, or from demonstrations, via imitation learning. However, both modes of task specification have their…

This article explores the dynamic influence of computational entities based on multi-agent systems theory (SMA) combined with large language models (LLM), which are characterized by their ability to simulate complex human interactions, as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Carlos Jose Xavier Cruz

Human intelligence's adaptability is remarkable, allowing us to adjust to new tasks and multi-modal environments swiftly. This skill is evident from a young age as we acquire new abilities and solve problems by imitating others or following…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Shrestha Mohanty , Negar Arabzadeh , Julia Kiseleva , Artem Zholus , Milagro Teruel , Ahmed Awadallah , Yuxuan Sun , Kavya Srinet , Arthur Szlam

Improving the Theory of Mind (ToM) capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for effective social interactions between these AI models and humans. However, the existing benchmarks often measure ToM capability improvement through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Nanxu Gong , Zixin Chen , Haotian Li , Zishu Zhao , Jianxun Lian , Huamin Qu , Yanjie Fu , Xing Xie

Self-evolution is a central research topic in enabling large language model (LLM)-based agents to continually improve their capabilities after pretraining. Recent research has witnessed a transition from reinforcement learning (RL)-free to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiangyuan Xue , Yifan Zhou , Guibin Zhang , Zaibin Zhang , Yijiang Li , Chen Zhang , Zhenfei Yin , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

We introduce a new benchmark, LLF-Bench (Learning from Language Feedback Benchmark; pronounced as "elf-bench"), to evaluate the ability of AI agents to interactively learn from natural language feedback and instructions. Learning from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Ching-An Cheng , Andrey Kolobov , Dipendra Misra , Allen Nie , Adith Swaminathan