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Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning framework that enables multiple nodes to train models on their local data and periodically average weight updates to benefit from other nodes' training. Each node's goal is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Ethan Wilson , Kai Yue , Chau-Wai Wong , Huaiyu Dai

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed participants (e.g., mobile devices) to train a global model without sharing data directly to a central server. Recent studies have revealed that FL is vulnerable to gradient inversion attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Jiaheng Wei , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Chao Chen , Shirui Pan , Kok-Leong Ong , Jun Zhang , Yang Xiang

Gradient inversion attacks are often presented as a serious privacy threat in federated learning, with recent work reporting increasingly strong reconstructions under favorable experimental settings. However, it remains unclear whether such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Viktor Valadi , Mattias Åkesson , Johan Östman , Fazeleh Hoseini , Salman Toor , Andreas Hellander

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for collaborative model training without sharing private data. However, privacy concerns regarding information exchanged during FL have received significant research attention.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Bowen Li , Hanlin Gu , Ruoxin Chen , Jie Li , Chentao Wu , Na Ruan , Xueming Si , Lixin Fan

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training among multiple clients without the need to expose raw data. Its ability to safeguard privacy, at the heart of FL, has recently been a hot-button debate topic. To elaborate,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Fuyi Wang , Cen Chen , Jianying Zhou

Federated learning claims to enable collaborative model training among multiple clients with data privacy by transmitting gradient updates instead of the actual client data. However, recent studies have shown the client privacy is still at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Maria Drencheva , Ivo Petrov , Maximilian Baader , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Martin Vechev

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple entities to train a shared model collaboratively. Its core, privacy-preserving principle is that participants only exchange model updates, such as gradients, and never their raw, sensitive data. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Md Fazle Rasul , Alanood Alqobaisi , Bruhadeshwar Bezawada , Indrakshi Ray

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, Federated Learning (FL) model has been widely used in many industries for its high efficiency and confidentiality. Some researchers have explored its confidentiality and designed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Yaqiong Mu

Federated learning (FL) triggers intra-client and inter-client class imbalance, with the latter compared to the former leading to biased client updates and thus deteriorating the distributed models. Such a bias is exacerbated during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chenguang Xiao , Zheming Zuo , Shuo Wang

Deep gradient inversion attacks expose a serious threat to Federated Learning (FL) by accurately recovering private data from shared gradients. However, the state-of-the-art heavily relies on impractical assumptions to access excessive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Yu Sun , Gaojian Xiong , Xianxun Yao , Kailang Ma , Jian Cui

Federated learning (FL) facilitates collaborative model training among multiple clients without raw data exposure. However, recent studies have shown that clients' private training data can be reconstructed from shared gradients in FL, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Jiacheng Du , Jiahui Hu , Zhibo Wang , Peng Sun , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Kui Ren , Chun Chen

The growing concern over data privacy, the benefits of utilizing data from diverse sources for model training, and the proliferation of networked devices with enhanced computational capabilities have all contributed to the rise of federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Rui Zhang , Ka-Ho Chow , Ping Li

Federated learning reduces the risk of information leakage, but remains vulnerable to attacks. We investigate how several neural network design decisions can defend against gradients inversion attacks. We show that overlapping gradients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Shaltiel Eloul , Fran Silavong , Sanket Kamthe , Antonios Georgiadis , Sean J. Moran

Federated learning has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for leveraging large-scale distributed datasets by sharing gradients instead of raw data. However, recent studies indicate that private training data can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum

Recent attacks have shown that user data can be recovered from FedSGD updates, thus breaking privacy. However, these attacks are of limited practical relevance as federated learning typically uses the FedAvg algorithm. Compared to FedSGD,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Mislav Balunović , Nikola Konstantinov , Martin Vechev

Data privacy has become an increasingly important issue in Machine Learning (ML), where many approaches have been developed to tackle this challenge, e.g. cryptography (Homomorphic Encryption (HE), Differential Privacy (DP), etc.) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Hanchi Ren , Jingjing Deng , Xianghua Xie

Federated learning is a private-by-design distributed learning paradigm where clients train local models on their own data before a central server aggregates their local updates to compute a global model. Depending on the aggregation method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Jin Xu , Chi Hong , Jiyue Huang , Lydia Y. Chen , Jérémie Decouchant

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a leading paradigm for decentralized, privacy preserving machine learning training. However, recent research on gradient inversion attacks (GIAs) have shown that gradient updates in FL can leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Yichuan Shi , Olivera Kotevska , Viktor Reshniak , Abhishek Singh , Ramesh Raskar

Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized model training framework that aims to merge isolated data islands while maintaining data privacy. However, recent studies have revealed that Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) based attacks can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xinjian Luo , Xianglong Zhang

The increasing need for sharing healthcare data and collaborating on clinical research has raised privacy concerns. Health information leakage due to malicious attacks can lead to serious problems such as misdiagnoses and patient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Shiyi Jiang , Farshad Firouzi , Krishnendu Chakrabarty