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Related papers: Knowledge Conflicts for LLMs: A Survey

200 papers

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, understanding and quantifying the uncertainty in their predictions is critical for enhancing application credibility. However, the existing literature relevant to LLM uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hsiu-Yuan Huang , Yutong Yang , Zhaoxi Zhang , Sanwoo Lee , Yunfang Wu

This paper introduces a novel, multi-source framework for the relational validation of Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing benchmarks have demonstrated LLMs' proficiency at factual recall, their ability to understand and reproduce…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Moses Boudourides

With the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), numerous efforts have revealed their vulnerabilities to jailbreak attacks. Although these studies have driven the progress in LLMs' safety alignment, it remains unclear whether LLMs have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Zhe Wang , Yijun Lin , Zenghao Duan , zhifei zheng , Min Liu , Zhiyi yin , Jianping Zhang

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is fundamentally determined by the contextual information provided during inference. This survey introduces Context Engineering, a formal discipline that transcends simple prompt design to…

Empowered by vast internal knowledge reservoir, the new generation of large language models (LLMs) demonstrate untapped potential to tackle medical tasks. However, there is insufficient effort made towards summoning up a synergic effect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kexin Shang , Chia-Hsuan Chang , Christopher C. Yang

We investigate a surprising limitation of LLMs: their inability to consistently generate text in a user's desired language. We create the Language Confusion Benchmark (LCB) to evaluate such failures, covering 15 typologically diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Kelly Marchisio , Wei-Yin Ko , Alexandre Bérard , Théo Dehaze , Sebastian Ruder

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been shown to contain biases in the process of integrating conflicting information when answering questions. Here we ask whether such biases also exist with respect to which language is used for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Robert Östling , Murathan Kurfalı

Despite demonstrating impressive capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still often struggle to accurately express the factual knowledge they possess, especially in cases where the LLMs' knowledge boundaries are ambiguous. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Boyang Xue , Fei Mi , Qi Zhu , Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Erxin Yu , Xuming Hu , Kam-Fai Wong

The ability to summarize and organize knowledge into abstract concepts is key to learning and reasoning. Many industrial applications rely on the consistent and systematic use of concepts, especially when dealing with decision-critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Rosario Uceda-Sosa , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Maria Chang , Moninder Singh

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on various medical benchmarks, but their capabilities across different cognitive levels remain underexplored. Inspired by Bloom's Taxonomy, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yuxuan Zhou , Xien Liu , Chenwei Yan , Chen Ning , Xiao Zhang , Boxun Li , Xiangling Fu , Shijin Wang , Guoping Hu , Yu Wang , Ji Wu

The unprecedented performance of large language models (LLMs) necessitates improvements in evaluations. Rather than merely exploring the breadth of LLM abilities, we believe meticulous and thoughtful designs are essential to thorough,…

Humankind's understanding of the world is fundamentally linked to our perception and cognition, with \emph{human languages} serving as one of the major carriers of \emph{world knowledge}. In this vein, \emph{Large Language Models} (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Huajun Chen

As large language models (LLMs) are more frequently used in retrieval-augmented generation pipelines, it is increasingly relevant to study their behavior under knowledge conflicts. Thus far, the role of the source of the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jakob Schuster , Vagrant Gautam , Katja Markert

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), in-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a new paradigm for natural language processing (NLP), where LLMs make predictions based on contexts augmented with a few examples. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Qingxiu Dong , Lei Li , Damai Dai , Ce Zheng , Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Heming Xia , Jingjing Xu , Zhiyong Wu , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Xu Sun , Lei Li , Zhifang Sui

Can large language models (LLMs) express their uncertainty in situations where they lack sufficient parametric knowledge to generate reasonable responses? This work aims to systematically investigate LLMs' behaviors in such situations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Genglin Liu , Xingyao Wang , Lifan Yuan , Yangyi Chen , Hao Peng

Recent advancements in visiolinguistic (VL) learning have allowed the development of multiple models and techniques that offer several impressive implementations, able to currently resolve a variety of tasks that require the collaboration…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Maria Lymperaiou , Giorgos Stamou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks. However, these models could offer biased, hallucinated, or non-factual responses camouflaged by their fluency and realistic appearance. Uncertainty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zhiqiu Xia , Jinxuan Xu , Yuqian Zhang , Hang Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on question-answering (QA) tasks because of their superior capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, LLM-based QA struggles with complex QA…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuangtao Ma , Yongrui Chen , Tianxing Wu , Arijit Khan , Haofen Wang

This paper examines the capacity of LLMs to reason with knowledge graphs using their internal knowledge graph, i.e., the knowledge graph they learned during pre-training. Two research questions are formulated to investigate the accuracy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Pei-Chi Lo , Yi-Hang Tsai , Ee-Peng Lim , San-Yih Hwang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on a variety of NLP tasks, and are being rapidly adopted in a wide range of use cases. It is therefore of vital importance to holistically evaluate the factuality of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Jiaqing Yuan , Lin Pan , Chung-Wei Hang , Jiang Guo , Jiarong Jiang , Bonan Min , Patrick Ng , Zhiguo Wang