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Federated learning, i.e., a mobile edge computing framework for deep learning, is a recent advance in privacy-preserving machine learning, where the model is trained in a decentralized manner by the clients, i.e., data curators, preventing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Zhibo Wang , Mengkai Song , Zhifei Zhang , Yang Song , Qian Wang , Hairong Qi

Foundation models that bridge vision and language have made significant progress. While they have inspired many life-enriching applications, their potential for abuse in creating new threats remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Junjie Shan , Ziqi Zhao , Jialin Lu , Rui Zhang , Siu Ming Yiu , Ka-Ho Chow

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

Federated learning has emerged as a prominent privacy-preserving technique for leveraging large-scale distributed datasets by sharing gradients instead of raw data. However, recent studies indicate that private training data can still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tamer Ahmed Eltaras , Qutaibah Malluhi , Alessandro Savino , Stefano Di Carlo , Adnan Qayyum

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative intrusion detection without raw data exchange, but conventional FL incurs high communication overhead from full-precision gradient transmission and remains vulnerable to gradient inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Noor Islam S. Mohammad

While prior work has shown that Federated Learning updates can leak sensitive information, label reconstruction attacks, which aim to recover input labels from shared gradients, have not yet been examined in the context of Human Activity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Marius Bock , Maximilian Hopp , Kristof Van Laerhoven , Michael Moeller

Federated Edge Learning (FEL) allows edge nodes to train a global deep learning model collaboratively for edge computing in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), which significantly promotes the development of Industrial 4.0. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Yi Liu , Ruihui Zhao , Jiawen Kang , Abdulsalam Yassine , Dusit Niyato , Jialiang Peng

Federated learning claims to enable collaborative model training among multiple clients with data privacy by transmitting gradient updates instead of the actual client data. However, recent studies have shown the client privacy is still at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Maria Drencheva , Ivo Petrov , Maximilian Baader , Dimitar I. Dimitrov , Martin Vechev

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple data-owners to collaboratively train machine learning models by exchanging local gradients, while keeping their private data on-device. To simultaneously enhance privacy and training efficiency,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-06 Hasin Us Sami , Swapneel Sen , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury , Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy , Basak Guler

To satisfy the broad applications and insatiable hunger for deploying low latency multimedia data classification and data privacy in a cloud-based setting, federated learning (FL) has emerged as an important learning paradigm. For the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Achintha Wijesinghe , Songyang Zhang , Siyu Qi , Zhi Ding

Federated Learning (FL) has recently emerged as a revolutionary approach to collaborative training Machine Learning models. In particular, it enables decentralized model training while preserving data privacy, but its distributed nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sameera K. M. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P. , Rafidha Rehiman K. A

Healthcare is one of the foremost applications of machine learning (ML). Traditionally, ML models are trained by central servers, which aggregate data from various distributed devices to forecast the results for newly generated data. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Sankalp Vyas , Amar Nath Patra , Raj Mani Shukla

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for collaborative model training across distributed feature spaces, which enables privacy-preserving learning without sharing raw data. However, recent studies have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zeyu Yan , Yanfei Yao , Xuanbing Wen , Shixiong Zhang , Juli Zhang , Kai Fan

Recent studies have shown that Federated learning (FL) is vulnerable to Gradient Inversion Attacks (GIA), which can recover private training data from shared gradients. However, existing methods are designed for dense, continuous data such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Tianzhe Xiao , Yichen Li , Yining Qi , Haozhao Wang , Ruixuan Li

Federated Learning (FL) offers a promising framework for collaboratively training machine learning models across decentralized genomic datasets without direct data sharing. While this approach preserves data locality, it remains susceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chetan Pathade , Shubham Patil

Recent works have brought attention to the vulnerability of Federated Learning (FL) systems to gradient leakage attacks. Such attacks exploit clients' uploaded gradients to reconstruct their sensitive data, thereby compromising the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Xiaodan Li , Wenmeng Zhou

Distributed learning paradigms such as federated learning often involve transmission of model updates, or gradients, over a network, thereby avoiding transmission of private data. However, it is possible for sensitive information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Trung Dang , Om Thakkar , Swaroop Ramaswamy , Rajiv Mathews , Peter Chin , Françoise Beaufays

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a leading paradigm for decentralized, privacy preserving machine learning training. However, recent research on gradient inversion attacks (GIAs) have shown that gradient updates in FL can leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Yichuan Shi , Olivera Kotevska , Viktor Reshniak , Abhishek Singh , Ramesh Raskar

Split learning (splitNN) has emerged as a popular strategy for addressing the high computational costs and low modeling efficiency in Vertical Federated Learning (VFL). However, despite its popularity, vanilla splitNN lacks encryption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Yujin Han , Leying Guan

Recent work has shown that gradient updates in federated learning (FL) can unintentionally reveal sensitive information about a client's local data. This risk becomes significantly greater when a malicious server manipulates the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Fei Wang , Baochun Li