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We propose an algorithm for taming Normalizing Flow models - changing the probability that the model will produce a specific image or image category. We focus on Normalizing Flows because they can calculate the exact generation probability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Shimon Malnick , Shai Avidan , Ohad Fried

Existing machine learning methods for causal inference usually estimate quantities expressed via the mean of potential outcomes (e.g., average treatment effect). However, such quantities do not capture the full information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

Using the intuition that out-of-distribution data have lower likelihoods, a common approach for out-of-distribution detection involves estimating the underlying data distribution. Normalizing flows are likelihood-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavi , Mohammad Mahdi Mehmanchi , Reshad Hosseini , Mostafa Tavassolipour

This work presents DCFlow, a novel unsupervised cross-modal flow estimation framework that integrates a decoupled optimization strategy and a cross-modal consistency constraint. Unlike previous approaches that implicitly learn flow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Runmin Zhang , Jialiang Wang , Si-Yuan Cao , Zhu Yu , Junchen Yu , Guangyi Zhang , Hui-Liang Shen

Normalizing flows are bijective mappings between inputs and latent representations with a fully factorized distribution. They are very attractive due to exact likelihood valuation and efficient sampling. However, their effective capacity is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Matej Grcić , Ivan Grubišić , Siniša Šegvić

We present an alternative to reweighting techniques for modifying distributions to account for a desired change in an underlying conditional distribution, as is often needed to correct for mis-modelling in a simulated sample. We employ…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-01 Malte Algren , Tobias Golling , Manuel Guth , Chris Pollard , John Andrew Raine

Normalizing flows are powerful non-parametric statistical models that function as a hybrid between density estimators and generative models. Current learning algorithms for normalizing flows assume that data points are sampled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert , Marius Kloft

Normalizing Flows (NFs) learn invertible mappings between the data and a Gaussian distribution. Prior works usually suffer from two limitations. First, they add random noise to training samples or VAE latents as data augmentation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Qinyu Zhao , Guangting Zheng , Tao Yang , Rui Zhu , Xingjian Leng , Stephen Gould , Liang Zheng

During industrial processing, unforeseen defects may arise in products due to uncontrollable factors. Although unsupervised methods have been successful in defect localization, the usual use of pre-trained models results in low-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Jiarui Lei , Xiaobo Hu , Yue Wang , Dong Liu

Flow matching has emerged as a powerful generative modeling approach with flexible choices of source distribution. While Gaussian distributions are commonly used, the potential for better alternatives in high-dimensional data generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Junho Lee , Kwanseok Kim , Joonseok Lee

Normalizing flows are invertible neural networks with tractable change-of-volume terms, which allow optimization of their parameters to be efficiently performed via maximum likelihood. However, data of interest are typically assumed to live…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-04 Anthony L. Caterini , Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Geoff Pleiss , John P. Cunningham

Normalizing Flows are a promising new class of algorithms for unsupervised learning based on maximum likelihood optimization with change of variables. They offer to learn a factorized component representation for complex nonlinear data and,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Reuben Feinman , Nikhil Parthasarathy

Flow-matching models deliver state-of-the-art fidelity in image and video generation, but the inherent sequential denoising process renders them slower. Existing acceleration methods like distillation, trajectory truncation, and consistency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Dhruv Bhardwaj , Soumya Roy , Tejas Duseja , Harsh Agarwal , Aashay Sandansing , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

In recent works, a flow-based neural vocoder has shown significant improvement in real-time speech generation task. The sequence of invertible flow operations allows the model to convert samples from simple distribution to audio samples.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Hyun-Wook Yoon , Sang-Hoon Lee , Hyeong-Rae Noh , Seong-Whan Lee

We tackle unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD), a problem of detecting data that significantly differ from normal data. UAD is typically solved by using density estimation. Recently, deep neural network (DNN)-based density estimators, such…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-14 Masataka Yamaguchi , Yuma Koizumi , Noboru Harada

Flow matching has emerged as a powerful generative framework, with recent few-step methods achieving remarkable inference acceleration. However, we identify a critical yet overlooked limitation: these models suffer from severe diversity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yexiong Lin , Jia Shi , Shanshan Ye , Wanyu Wang , Yu Yao , Tongliang Liu

Normalizing flows provide an elegant approach to generative modeling that allows for efficient sampling and exact density evaluation of unknown data distributions. However, current techniques have significant limitations in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sahil Sidheekh , Chris B. Dock , Tushar Jain , Radu Balan , Maneesh K. Singh

Bayesian posterior inference is prevalent in various machine learning problems. Variational inference provides one way to approximate the posterior distribution, however its expressive power is limited and so is the accuracy of resulting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-11 Guoqing Zheng , Yiming Yang , Jaime Carbonell

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are likelihood-based models for continuous inputs. They have demonstrated promising results on both density estimation and generative modeling tasks, but have received relatively little attention in recent years. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Shuangfei Zhai , Ruixiang Zhang , Preetum Nakkiran , David Berthelot , Jiatao Gu , Huangjie Zheng , Tianrong Chen , Miguel Angel Bautista , Navdeep Jaitly , Josh Susskind

Super-resolution is an ill-posed problem, since it allows for multiple predictions for a given low-resolution image. This fundamental fact is largely ignored by state-of-the-art deep learning based approaches. These methods instead train a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Andreas Lugmayr , Martin Danelljan , Luc Van Gool , Radu Timofte