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Related papers: Height-bounded Lempel-Ziv encodings

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The properties of maximum Lempel-Ziv complexity strings are studied for the binary case. A comparison between MLZs and random strings is carried out. The length profile of both type of sequences show different distribution functions. The…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-11-05 C. A. J. Nunes , E. Estevez-Rams , B. Aragón Fernández , R. Lora Serrano

Given two positions $i$ and $j$ in a string $T$ of length $N$, a longest common extension (LCE) query asks for the length of the longest common prefix between suffixes beginning at $i$ and $j$. A compressed LCE data structure is a data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Tomohiro I

The advent of massive datasets (and the consequent design of high-performing distributed storage systems) have reignited the interest of the scientific and engineering community towards the design of lossless data compressors which achieve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Andrea Farruggia , Paolo Ferragina , Antonio Frangioni , Rossano Venturini

We study the compressed representation of a ranked tree by a (string) straight-line program (SLP) for its preorder traversal, and compare it with the well-studied representation by straight-line context free tree grammars (which are also…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-29 Moses Ganardi , Danny Hucke , Markus Lohrey , Eric Noeth

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) using standard first-order (FO) optimization often drives training toward sharp, poorly generalizing minima. Conversely, zeroth-order (ZO) methods offer stronger exploratory behavior without relying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Feihu Jin , Ying Tan

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven effective for a variety of downstream tasks. However, as LLMs grow in size, the memory demands for backpropagation become increasingly prohibitive. Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Ziming Yu , Pan Zhou , Sike Wang , Jia Li , Mi Tian , Hua Huang

In retrieval applications, binary hashes are known to offer significant improvements in terms of both memory and speed. We investigate the compression of sentence embeddings using a neural encoder-decoder architecture, which is trained by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Felix Hamann , Nadja Kurz , Adrian Ulges

We present a framework facilitating the implementation and comparison of text compression algorithms. We evaluate its features by a case study on two novel compression algorithms based on the Lempel-Ziv compression schemes that perform well…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Patrick Dinklage , Johannes Fischer , Dominik Köppl , Marvin Löbel , Kunihiko Sadakane

Case-based Reasoning (CBR) on high-dimensional and heterogeneous data is a trending yet challenging and computationally expensive task in the real world. A promising approach is to obtain low-dimensional hash codes representing cases and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Qi Zhang , Liang Hu , Chongyang Shi , Ke Liu , Longbing Cao

Real-world data typically contain repeated and periodic patterns. This suggests that they can be effectively represented and compressed using only a few coefficients of an appropriate basis (e.g., Fourier, Wavelets, etc.). However, distance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-26 Michail Vlachos , Nikolaos Freris , Anastasios Kyrillidis

In-context learning has established itself as an important learning paradigm for Large Language Models (LLMs). In this paper, we demonstrate that LLMs can learn encoding keys in-context and perform analysis directly on encoded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Andresa Rodrigues de Campos , David Lee , Imry Kissos , Piyush Paritosh

We present a new universal source code for distributions of unlabeled binary and ordinal trees that achieves optimal compression to within lower order terms for all tree sources covered by existing universal codes. At the same time, it…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-09-06 J. Ian Munro , Patrick K. Nicholson , Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Sebastian Wild

In this paper, we study the problem of designing prefix-free encoding schemes having minimum average code length that can be decoded efficiently under a decode cost model that captures memory hierarchy induced cost functions. We also study…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Shashwat Banchhor , Rishikesh Gajjala , Yogish Sabharwal , Sandeep Sen

Converting a compressed format of a string into another compressed format without an explicit decompression is one of the central research topics in string processing. We discuss the problem of converting the run-length Burrows-Wheeler…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei

The Kaczmarz method (KZ) and its variants, which are types of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) methods, have been extensively studied due to their simplicity and efficiency in solving linear equation systems. The iterative thresholding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-21 Halyun Jeong , Deanna Needell

Quantum error correction requires accurate and efficient decoding to optimally suppress errors in the encoded information. For concatenated codes, where one code is embedded within another, optimal decoding can be achieved using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Basudha Srivastava , Yinzi Xiao , Anton Frisk Kockum , Ben Criger , Mats Granath

Autoregressive decoding in large language models (LLMs) requires caching a growing list of past key-value (KV) pairs, making long-context inference a memory-bound problem. While recent methods have explored quantizing the cache, evicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Harshil Vejendla

In this paper we present a simple linear-time algorithm constructing a context-free grammar of size O(g log(N/g)) for the input string, where N is the size of the input string and g the size of the optimal grammar generating this string.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Artur Jeż

In this paper, we describe a new type of match between a pattern and a text that aren't necessarily maximal in the query, but still contain useful matching information: locally maximal exact matches (LEMs). There are usually a large amount…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ahsan Sanaullah , Degui Zhi , Shaojie Zhang

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization has long been favored for its biological plausibility and its capacity to handle non-differentiable objectives, yet its computational complexity has historically limited its application in deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Sansheng Cao , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian