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This work studies offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) in a class of non-Markovian environments called Regular Decision Processes (RDPs). In RDPs, the unknown dependency of future observations and rewards from the past interactions can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Ahana Deb , Roberto Cipollone , Anders Jonsson , Alessandro Ronca , Mohammad Sadegh Talebi

Multi-token prediction (MTP) is a prominent strategy to significantly speed up generation in large language models (LLMs), including byte-level LLMs, which are tokeniser-free but prohibitively slow. However, existing MTP methods often…

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) have been used to formulate many decision-making problems in science and engineering. The objective is to synthesize the best decision (action selection) policies to maximize expected rewards (or minimize…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Mahmoud El Chamie , Behcet Acikmese

We consider a multi-agent episodic MDP setup where an agent (leader) takes action at each step of the episode followed by another agent (follower). The state evolution and rewards depend on the joint action pair of the leader and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Arnob Ghosh

Contextual MDPs are powerful tools with wide applicability in areas from biostatistics to machine learning. However, specializing them to offline datasets has been challenging due to a lack of robust, theoretically backed methods. Our work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-06 Riddhiman Bhattacharyya , Sayak Chakrabarty , Imon Banerjee

Improving the multi-step reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) with offline reinforcement learning (RL) is essential for quickly adapting them to complex tasks. While Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown promise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Huaijie Wang , Shibo Hao , Hanze Dong , Shenao Zhang , Yilin Bao , Ziran Yang , Yi Wu

In many state-of-the-art control approaches for power systems with storage units, an explicit model of the storage dynamics is required. With growing numbers of storage units, identifying these dynamics can be cumbersome. This paper employs…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Johannes B. Lipka , Christian A. Hans

Online learning algorithms are designed to perform in non-stationary environments, but generally there is no notion of a dynamic state to model constraints on current and future actions as a function of past actions. State-based models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-01 Peng Guan , Maxim Raginsky , Rebecca Willett

We study model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms in episodic non-stationary constrained Markov Decision Processes (CMDPs), in which an agent aims to maximize the expected cumulative reward subject to a cumulative constraint on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Honghao Wei , Arnob Ghosh , Ness Shroff , Lei Ying , Xingyu Zhou

This paper presents an auto-optimal model predictive control (MPC) framework enhanced with active learning, designed to autonomously track optimal operational conditions in an unknown environment,where the conditions may dynamically adjust…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-05 Yuan Tan , Jun Yang , Zhongguo Li , Wen-Hua Chen , Shihua Li

A novel reinforcement learning scheme to synthesize policies for continuous-space Markov decision processes (MDPs) is proposed. This scheme enables one to apply model-free, off-the-shelf reinforcement learning algorithms for finite MDPs to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-03 Abolfazl Lavaei , Fabio Somenzi , Sadegh Soudjani , Ashutosh Trivedi , Majid Zamani

We present differentiable predictive control (DPC) as a deep learning-based alternative to the explicit model predictive control (MPC) for unknown nonlinear systems. In the DPC framework, a neural state-space model is learned from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-27 Jan Drgona , Karol Kis , Aaron Tuor , Draguna Vrabie , Martin Klauco

The success of the model predictive path integral control (MPPI) approach depends on the appropriate selection of the input distribution used for sampling. However, it can be challenging to select inputs that satisfy output constraints in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-16 Leon , Yan , Santosh Devasia

Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) are stochastic optimization problems that model situations where a decision maker controls a system based on its state. Partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs) are generalizations of MDPs where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-26 Victor Cohen , Axel Parmentier

We consider offline reinforcement learning (RL) in $H$-horizon Markov decision processes (MDPs) under the linear $q^\pi$-realizability assumption, where the action-value function of every policy is linear with respect to a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Volodymyr Tkachuk , Gellért Weisz , Csaba Szepesvári

Routing in Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) is inherently challenging due to sparse connectivity, long delays, and frequent disruptions. While Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) have been used to model uncertainty, they assume full state…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Gregory F. Stock , Alexander Haberl , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns

In this paper, we tackle the problem of Unmanned Aerial (UA V) path planning in complex and uncertain environments by designing a Model Predictive Control (MPC), based on a Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network integrated into the Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Mahya Ramezani , Hamed Habibi , Jose luis Sanchez Lopez , Holger Voos

Conformal prediction (CP) is an important tool for distribution-free predictive uncertainty quantification. Yet, a major challenge is to balance computational efficiency and prediction accuracy, particularly for multiple predictions. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-17 Kiljae Lee , Yuan Zhang

Modern operating systems are typically POSIX-compliant with major system calls specified decades ago. The next generation of non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies raise concerns about the efficiency of the traditional POSIX-based systems.…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Viacheslav Dubeyko , Om Rameshwar Gatla , Mai Zheng

Memoryless and finite-memory policies offer a practical alternative for solving partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), as they operate directly in the output space rather than in the high-dimensional belief space. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Roy van Zuijlen , Duarte Antunes