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The choice of activation functions is crucial for modern deep neural networks. Popular hand-designed activation functions like Rectified Linear Unit(ReLU) and its variants show promising performance in various tasks and models. Swish, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Yucong Zhou , Zezhou Zhu , Zhao Zhong

User-facing software services are becoming increasingly reliant on remote servers to host Deep Neural Network (DNN) models, which perform inference tasks for the clients. Such services require the client to send input data to the service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Sanjay Kariyappa , Ousmane Dia , Moinuddin K Qureshi

We give simpler, sparser, and faster algorithms for differentially private fine-tuning of large-scale pre-trained language models, which achieve the state-of-the-art privacy versus utility tradeoffs on many standard NLP tasks. We propose a…

Personalized recommendation systems leverage deep learning models and account for the majority of data center AI cycles. Their performance is dominated by memory-bound sparse embedding operations with unique irregular memory access patterns…

Previous work has demonstrated that MLPs within ReLU Transformers exhibit high levels of sparsity, with many of their activations equal to zero for any given token. We build on that work to more deeply explore how token-level sparsity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Cody Wild , Jesper Anderson

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have already achieved great success in a lot of application areas and brought profound changes to our society. However, it also raises new security problems, among which how to protect the intellectual property…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Hanzhou Wu

This work presents Origami, which provides privacy-preserving inference for large deep neural network (DNN) models through a combination of enclave execution, cryptographic blinding, interspersed with accelerator-based computation. Origami…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Krishna Giri Narra , Zhifeng Lin , Yongqin Wang , Keshav Balasubramaniam , Murali Annavaram

This paper focuses on the problem of Differentially Private Stochastic Optimization for (multi-layer) fully connected neural networks with a single output node. In the first part, we examine cases with no hidden nodes, specifically focusing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Hanpu Shen , Cheng-Long Wang , Zihang Xiang , Yiming Ying , Di Wang

Secure multi-party computation-based machine learning, referred to as MPL, has become an important technology to utilize data from multiple parties with privacy preservation. While MPL provides rigorous security guarantees for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Wenqiang Ruan , Mingxin Xu , Wenjing Fang , Li Wang , Lei Wang , Weili Han

In this paper, we demonstrate how to leverage 2:4 sparsity, a popular hardware-accelerated GPU sparsity pattern, to activations to accelerate large language model training and inference. Crucially we exploit the intrinsic sparsity found in…

The activation function is at the heart of a deep neural networks nonlinearity; the choice of the function has great impact on the success of training. Currently, many practitioners prefer the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Jordan Inturrisi , Sui Yang Khoo , Abbas Kouzani , Riccardo Pagliarella

Recent results in nonparametric regression show that deep learning, i.e., neural network estimates with many hidden layers, are able to circumvent the so-called curse of dimensionality in case that suitable restrictions on the structure of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-30 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of real-world tasks, but their inference cost remains prohibitively high due to the quadratic complexity of attention and the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yifu Ding , Xinhao Zhang , Jinyang Guo

Deep neural network (DNN) typically involves convolutions, pooling, and activation function. Due to the growing concern about privacy, privacy-preserving DNN becomes a hot research topic. Generally, the convolution and pooling operations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Qian Feng , Zhihua Xia , Zhifeng Xu , Jiasi Weng , Jian Weng

In this paper, we investigate one of the most fundamental nonconvex learning problems, ReLU regression, in the Differential Privacy (DP) model. Previous studies on private ReLU regression heavily rely on stringent assumptions, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Meng Ding , Mingxi Lei , Shaowei Wang , Tianhang Zheng , Di Wang , Jinhui Xu

The efficacy of deep neural networks is heavily reliant on the design of non-linear activation functions, yet existing approaches often struggle to balance optimization stability with computational efficiency. While piecewise linear…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wentao Zhang , Yutong Zhang , Yifan Zhu , Wentao Mo

We present SiLU network constructions whose approximation efficiency depends critically on proper hyperparameter tuning. For the square function $x^2$, with optimally chosen shift $a$ and scale $\beta$, we achieve approximation error…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Koffi O. Ayena

DL inference queries play an important role in diverse internet services and a large fraction of datacenter cycles are spent on processing DL inference queries. Specifically, the matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) operations of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Benjamin Y. Cho , Jeageun Jung , Mattan Erez

Multilayer perception (MLP) has permeated various disciplinary domains, ranging from bioinformatics to financial analytics, where their application has become an indispensable facet of contemporary scientific research endeavors. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Yanjie Li , Weijun Li , Lina Yu , Min Wu , Jinyi Liu , Wenqiang Li , Meilan Hao , Shu Wei , Yusong Deng , Liping Zhang , Xiaoli Dong , Hong Qin , Xin Ning , Yugui Zhang , Baoli Lu , Jian Xu , Shuang Li

Recent successes of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in a variety of research tasks, however, heavily rely on the large amounts of labeled samples. This may require considerable annotation cost in real-world applications. Fortunately, active…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Qiang Liu , Zhaocheng Liu , Xiaofang Zhu , Yeliang Xiu