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Machine learning (ML) models have significantly grown in complexity and utility, driving advances across multiple domains. However, substantial computational resources and specialized expertise have historically restricted their wide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Kaixiang Zhao , Lincan Li , Kaize Ding , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yue Zhao , Yushun Dong

Model Extraction Attacks (MEAs) threaten modern machine learning systems by enabling adversaries to steal models, exposing intellectual property and training data. With the increasing deployment of machine learning models in distributed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kaixiang Zhao , Lincan Li , Kaize Ding , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yue Zhao , Yushun Dong

The widespread use of deep learning technology across various industries has made deep neural network models highly valuable and, as a result, attractive targets for potential attackers. Model extraction attacks, particularly query-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Li , Chenghui Shi , Yuwen Pu , Xuhong Zhang , Yu Li , Jinbao Li , Shouling Ji

Adversarial examples have posed a severe threat to deep neural networks due to their transferable nature. Currently, various works have paid great efforts to enhance the cross-model transferability, which mostly assume the substitute model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Qilong Zhang , Xiaodan Li , Yuefeng Chen , Jingkuan Song , Lianli Gao , Yuan He , Hui Xue

Machine learning models are shown to face a severe threat from Model Extraction Attacks, where a well-trained private model owned by a service provider can be stolen by an attacker pretending as a client. Unfortunately, prior works focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Bang Wu , Xiangwen Yang , Shirui Pan , Xingliang Yuan

The advance of explainable artificial intelligence, which provides reasons for its predictions, is expected to accelerate the use of deep neural networks in the real world like Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) that returns predictions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Takayuki Miura , Satoshi Hasegawa , Toshiki Shibahara

Model extraction (ME) attacks represent one major threat to Machine-Learning-as-a-Service (MLaaS) platforms by ``stealing'' the functionality of confidential machine-learning models through querying black-box APIs. Over seven years have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Jiacheng Liang , Ren Pang , Changjiang Li , Ting Wang

Domain shift between medical images from multicentres is still an open question for the community, which degrades the generalization performance of deep learning models. Generative adversarial network (GAN), which synthesize plausible…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-31 Xinpeng Xie , Jiawei Chen , Yuexiang Li , Linlin Shen , Kai Ma , Yefeng Zheng

Model inversion (MI) attacks aim to infer and reconstruct private training data by abusing access to a model. MI attacks have raised concerns about the leaking of sensitive information (e.g. private face images used in training a face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Ngoc-Bao Nguyen , Keshigeyan Chandrasegaran , Milad Abdollahzadeh , Ngai-Man Cheung

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence but often lack performance when faced with out-of-distribution (OOD) data, a common scenario due to the inevitable domain shifts in real-world applications. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Arsham Gholamzadeh Khoee , Yinan Yu , Robert Feldt

Recently, numerous highly-valuable Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been trained using deep learning algorithms. To protect the Intellectual Property (IP) of the original owners over such DNN models, backdoor-based watermarks have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Peizhuo Lv , Hualong Ma , Kai Chen , Jiachen Zhou , Shengzhi Zhang , Ruigang Liang , Shenchen Zhu , Pan Li , Yingjun Zhang

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated superior performance in various applications, such as recommendation systems and financial risk management. However, deploying large-scale GNN models locally is particularly challenging for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bolin Shen , Md Shamim Seraj , Zhan Cheng , Shayok Chakraborty , Yushun Dong

The success of deep neural networks has driven numerous research studies and applications from Euclidean to non-Euclidean data. However, there are increasing concerns about privacy leakage, as these networks rely on processing private data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Zhanke Zhou , Jianing Zhu , Fengfei Yu , Xuan Li , Xiong Peng , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han

Semantic segmentation models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have gained much attention in relation to remote sensing and have achieved remarkable performance for the extraction of buildings from high-resolution aerial images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Younghwan Na , Jun Hee Kim , Kyungsu Lee , Juhum Park , Jae Youn Hwang , Jihwan P. Choi

Model Inversion (MI) attacks aim to reconstruct privacy-sensitive training data from released models by utilizing output information, raising extensive concerns about the security of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Recent advances in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yixiang Qiu , Hao Fang , Hongyao Yu , Bin Chen , MeiKang Qiu , Shu-Tao Xia

Machine learning models are typically made available to potential client users via inference APIs. Model extraction attacks occur when a malicious client uses information gleaned from queries to the inference API of a victim model $F_V$ to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Sebastian Szyller , Vasisht Duddu , Tommi Gröndahl , N. Asokan

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) platforms have gained popularity due to their accessibility, cost-efficiency, scalability, and rapid development capabilities. However, recent research has highlighted the vulnerability of cloud-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Hongwei Yao , Zheng Li , Haiqin Weng , Feng Xue , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Deep neural networks (DNNs) deployed in a cloud often allow users to query models via the APIs. However, these APIs expose the models to model extraction attacks (MEAs). In this attack, the attacker attempts to duplicate the target model by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Satoru Koda , Ikuya Morikawa

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable utility across diverse applications, and their growing complexity has made Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) a viable platform for scalable deployment. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Zebin Wang , Menghan Lin , Bolin Shen , Ken Anderson , Molei Liu , Tianxi Cai , Yushun Dong

Model inversion attacks (MIAs) aim to reconstruct private images from a target classifier's training set, thereby raising privacy concerns in AI applications. Previous GAN-based MIAs tend to suffer from inferior generative fidelity due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Ouxiang Li , Yanbin Hao , Zhicai Wang , Bin Zhu , Shuo Wang , Zaixi Zhang , Fuli Feng
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