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Despite substantial progress in text-to-image generation, achieving precise text-image alignment remains challenging, particularly for prompts with rich compositional structure or imaginative elements. To address this, we introduce Negative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sangha Park , Eunji Kim , Yeongtak Oh , Jooyoung Choi , Sungroh Yoon

Despite impressive recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models, obtaining high-quality images often requires prompt engineering by humans who have developed expertise in using them. In this work, we present NeuroPrompts, an adaptive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Phillip Howard

Well-designed prompts can guide text-to-image models to generate amazing images. However, the performant prompts are often model-specific and misaligned with user input. Instead of laborious human engineering, we propose prompt adaptation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Yaru Hao , Zewen Chi , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Text-to-image generation has become increasingly popular, but achieving the desired images often requires extensive prompt engineering. In this paper, we explore how to decode textual prompts from reference images, a process we refer to as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zhiyao Ren , Yibing Zhan , Baosheng Yu , Dacheng Tao

For text-to-image generation, automatically refining user-provided natural language prompts into the keyword-enriched prompts favored by systems is essential for the user experience. Such a prompt refinement process is analogous to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jingtao Zhan , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Yingwei Pan , Ting Yao , Jiaxin Mao , Shaoping Ma , Tao Mei

Prompt engineering is a powerful tool used to enhance the performance of pre-trained models on downstream tasks. For example, providing the prompt "Let's think step by step" improved GPT-3's reasoning accuracy to 63% on MutiArith while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Cheng Shi , Sibei Yang

Text-to-image generative models, specifically those based on diffusion models like Imagen and Stable Diffusion, have made substantial advancements. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the delicate refinement of text prompts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Wenyi Mo , Tianyu Zhang , Yalong Bai , Bing Su , Ji-Rong Wen , Qing Yang

In applications such as optical see-through and projector augmented reality, producing images amounts to solving non-negative image generation, where one can only add light to an existing image. Most image generation methods, however, are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Katie Luo , Guandao Yang , Wenqi Xian , Harald Haraldsson , Bharath Hariharan , Serge Belongie

For image generation with diffusion models (DMs), a negative prompt n can be used to complement the text prompt p, helping define properties not desired in the synthesized image. While this improves prompt adherence and image quality,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Alakh Desai , Nuno Vasconcelos

Recently, diffusion-based deep generative models (e.g., Stable Diffusion) have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often require multiple passes of prompt engineering by humans in order…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tingfeng Cao , Chengyu Wang , Bingyan Liu , Ziheng Wu , Jinhui Zhu , Jun Huang

Recent progress in generative models, especially in text-guided diffusion models, has enabled the production of aesthetically-pleasing imagery resembling the works of professional human artists. However, one has to carefully compose the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Nikita Pavlichenko , Dmitry Ustalov

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Text-to-image models have shown remarkable progress in generating high-quality images from user-provided prompts. Despite this, the quality of these images varies due to the models' sensitivity to human language nuances. With advancements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xinrui Yang , Zhuohan Wang , Anthony Hu

Text-based adversarial guidance using a negative prompt has emerged as a widely adopted approach to steer diffusion models away from producing undesired concepts. While useful, performing adversarial guidance using text alone can be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Jaskirat Singh , Lindsey Li , Weijia Shi , Ranjay Krishna , Yejin Choi , Pang Wei Koh , Michael F. Cohen , Stephen Gould , Liang Zheng , Luke Zettlemoyer

Text-to-image generation models are powerful but difficult to use. Users craft specific prompts to get better images, though the images can be repetitive. This paper proposes a Prompt Expansion framework that helps users generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Siddhartha Datta , Alexander Ku , Deepak Ramachandran , Peter Anderson

In image editing employing diffusion models, it is crucial to preserve the reconstruction fidelity to the original image while changing its style. Although existing methods ensure reconstruction fidelity through optimization, a drawback of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Daiki Miyake , Akihiro Iohara , Yu Saito , Toshiyuki Tanaka

Text-to-image generation has progressed rapidly, but faithfully generating complex scenes requires extensive trial-and-error to find the exact prompt. In the prompt inversion task, the goal is to recover a textual prompt that can faithfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Asaf Buchnick , Aviv Shamsian , Aviv Navon , Ethan Fetaya

Well-designed prompts have demonstrated the potential to guide text-to-image models in generating amazing images. Although existing prompt engineering methods can provide high-level guidance, it is challenging for novice users to achieve…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Nailei Hei , Qianyu Guo , Zihao Wang , Yan Wang , Haofen Wang , Wenqiang Zhang

Prompt learning has become one of the most efficient paradigms for adapting large pre-trained vision-language models to downstream tasks. Current state-of-the-art methods, like CoOp and ProDA, tend to adopt soft prompts to learn an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Sifan Long , Zhen Zhao , Junkun Yuan , Zichang Tan , Jiangjiang Liu , Luping Zhou , Shengsheng Wang , Jingdong Wang

The notable gap between user-provided and model-preferred prompts poses a significant challenge for generating high-quality images with text-to-image models, compelling the need for prompt engineering. Current studies on prompt engineering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shiyu Wu , Mingzhen Sun , Weining Wang , Yequan Wang , Jing Liu
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