Related papers: Emergent (2+1)D topological orders from iterative …
By definition, the physics of the $d-$dimensional (dim) boundary of a $(d+1)-$dim symmetry protected topological (SPT) state cannot be realized as itself on a $d-$dim lattice. If the symmetry of the system is unitary, then a formal way to…
In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for extracting topological data from translation invariant generalized Pauli stabilizer codes in two-dimensional systems, focusing on the analysis of anyon excitations and string operators. The…
Given the Hamiltonian realisation of a topological (3+1)d gauge theory with finite group $G$, we consider a family of tensor network representations of its ground state subspace. This family is indexed by gapped boundary conditions encoded…
We explore various aspects of 2-form topological gauge theories in (3+1)d. These theories can be constructed as sigma models with target space the second classifying space $B^2G$ of the symmetry group $G$, and they are classified by…
We develop in a systematic fashion the idea of gauging 1d-space translations with fixed Newtonian time for nonrelativistic matter (particles and fields). By starting with a nonrelativistic free theory we obtain its minimal gauge invariant…
We use the intrinsic one-form and two-form global symmetries of (3+1)$d$ bosonic field theories to classify quantum phases enriched by ordinary ($0$-form) global symmetry. Different symmetry-enriched phases correspond to different ways of…
In condensed matter physics gauge symmetries other than the U(1) of electromagnetism are of an emergent nature. Two emergence mechanisms for gauge symmetry are well established: the way these arise in Kramers-Wannier type local-global…
The structure of extrinsic defects in topologically ordered states of matter is host to a rich set of universal physics. Extrinsic defects in 2+1 dimensional topological states include line-like defects, such as boundaries between…
The order parameters which are thought to detect U(1) gauge symmetry breaking in a superconductor are both non-local and gauge dependent. For that reason they are also ambiguous as a guide to phase structure. We point out that a global…
We investigate the most general gauging operations in 2+1 dimensional oriented field theories with finite symmetry groups, which correspond to gapped boundary conditions in 3+1 dimensional Dijkgraaf-Witten theory. The classification is…
Combinatorial gauge symmetry is a principle that allows us to construct lattice gauge theories with two key and distinguishing properties: a) only one- and two-body interactions are needed; and b) the symmetry is exact rather than emergent…
Given a two-dimensional quantum lattice model with an abelian gauge theory interpretation, we investigate a duality operation that amounts to gauging its invertible 1-form symmetry, followed by gauging the resulting 0-form symmetry in a…
We consider Abelian extensions of global symmetries of the form $A \to G \to K$, with $A$ finite (and similar higher-group structures). For a quantum field theory $\mathcal{T}$ with symmetry $G$, we compare gauging $G$ directly with gauging…
Modulated symmetries are internal symmetries that act in a non-uniform, spatially modulated way and are generalizations of, for example, dipole symmetries. In this paper, we systematically study the gauging of finite Abelian modulated…
It is shown that two$(1 + 1)$-dimensional (2D) free Abelian- and self-interacting non-Abelian gauge theories (without any interaction with matter fields) belong to a new class of topological field theories. These new theories capture…
It has recently been discovered that random quantum circuits provide an avenue to realize rich entanglement phase diagrams, which are hidden to standard expectation values of operators. Here we study (2+1)D random circuits with random…
Stabilizer codes allow for non-local encoding and processing of quantum information. Deformations of stabilizer surface codes introduce new and non-trivial geometry, in particular leading to emergence of long sought after objects known as…
We introduce a generalization of conventional lattice gauge theory to describe fracton topological phases, which are characterized by immobile, point-like topological excitations, and sub-extensive topological degeneracy. We demonstrate a…
We explore exact generalized symmetries in the standard 2+1d lattice $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge theory coupled to the Ising model, and compare them with their continuum field theory counterparts. One model has a (non-anomalous) non-invertible…
Mass generation of gauge fields can be universally described by topological couplings in gapped systems, such as the Abelian Higgs model in $(3+1)$ dimensions and the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory in $(2+1)$ dimensions. These systems also…