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Randomised measurements can efficiently characterise many-body quantum states by learning the expectation values of observables with low Pauli weights. In this paper, we generalise the theoretical tools of classical shadow tomography to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Gregory A. L. White , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg , Charles D. Hill , Kavan Modi

Material defects fundamentally limit the coherence times of superconducting qubits, and manufacturing completely defect-free devices is not yet possible. Therefore, understanding the interactions between defects and a qubit in a real…

As research on building scalable quantum computers advances, it is important to be able to certify their correctness. Due to the exponential hardness of classically simulating quantum computation, straight-forward verification through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-23 Iskren Vankov , Daniel Mills , Petros Wallden , Elham Kashefi

Scalable characterization of quantum processors is crucial for mitigating noise and imperfections. While randomized measurement protocols enable efficient access to local observables, inferring a globally consistent description of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Zidu Liu , Dominik S. Wild

Extracting information efficiently from quantum systems is a major component of quantum information processing tasks. Randomized measurements, or classical shadows, enable predicting many properties of arbitrary quantum states using few…

Noise is the central obstacle to building large-scale quantum computers. Quantum systems with sufficiently uncorrelated and weak noise could be used to solve computational problems that are intractable with current digital computers. There…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-19 Robin Harper , Steven T. Flammia , Joel J. Wallman

We present a robust method for quantum process tomography, which yields a set of Lindblad operators that optimally fit the measured density operators at a sequence of time points. The benefits of this method are illustrated using a set of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 N. Boulant , T. F. Havel , M. A. Pravia , D. G. Cory

When noisy intermediate scalable quantum (NISQ) devices are applied in information processing, all of the stages through preparation, manipulation, and measurement of multipartite qubit states contain various types of noise that are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-16 Hyeokjea Kwon , Joonwoo Bae

Measuring global quantum properties-such as the fidelity to complex multipartite states-is both an essential and experimentally challenging task. Classical shadow estimation offers favorable sample complexity, but typically relies on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-11 Qingyue Zhang , Dayue Qin , Zhou You , Feng Xu , Jens Eisert , You Zhou

Linear time-translation-invariant (LTI) models offer simple, yet powerful, abstractions of complex classical dynamical systems. Quantum versions of such models have so far relied on assumptions of Markovianity or an internal state-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Jacques Ding , Hudson A. Loughlin , Vivishek Sudhir

The advent of noisy-intermediate scale quantum computers has introduced the exciting possibility of achieving quantum speedups in machine learning tasks. These devices, however, are composed of a small number of qubits, and can faithfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-24 Rohit Dilip , Yu-Jie Liu , Adam Smith , Frank Pollmann

We introduce and demonstrate experimentally: (1) a framework called "gate set tomography" (GST) for self-consistently characterizing an entire set of quantum logic gates on a black-box quantum device; (2) an explicit closed-form protocol…

Accurate characterization of coherent and non-Markovian errors remains a central challenge in quantum information processing, as conventional benchmarking techniques typically rely on Markovian and time-independent noise assumptions. In…

We revisit the problem of fitting Lindbladian models to the outputs of quantum process tomography. A sequence of prior theoretical works approached the problem by considering whether there exists a Lindbladian generator close to a matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Yinchen Liu , James R. Seddon , Tamara Kohler , Emilio Onorati , Toby S. Cubitt

Fluctuations of the qubit frequencies are one of the major problems to overcome on the way to scalable quantum computers. Of particular importance are fluctuations with the correlation time that exceeds the decoherence time due to decay and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-23 Filip Wudarski , Yaxing Zhang , Alexander Korotkov , A. G. Petukhov , M. I. Dykman

The fragility of quantum systems makes them ideally suited for sensing applications at the nanoscale. However, interpreting the output signal of a qubit-based sensor is generally complicated by background clutter due to out-of-band spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-19 Virginia Frey , Leigh M. Norris , Lorenza Viola , Michael J. Biercuk

Quantum sensing can enhance imaging performance by reducing measurement noise below the classical limit, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of acquired data. In conventional quantum imaging schemes, squeezing is applied…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Haowei Shi , Visuttha Manthamkarn , Christopher M. Jones , Zheshen Zhang , Quntao Zhuang

The first generation of small noisy quantum processors have recently become available to non-specialists who are not required to understand specifics of the physical platforms and, in particular, the types and sources of noise. As such, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-16 Oktay Göktaş , W. K. Tham , Kent Bonsma-Fisher , Aharon Brodutch

Instabilities due to extrinsic interference are routinely faced in systems engineering, and a common solution is to rely on a broad class of $\textit{filtering}$ techniques in order to afford stability to intrinsically unstable systems. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 A. Soare , H. Ball , D. Hayes , J. Sastrawan , M. C. Jarratt , J. J. McLoughlin , X. Zhen , T. J. Green , M. J. Biercuk

Noisy unsharp measurements incorporated in quantum information protocols may hinder performance, reducing the quantum advantage. However, we show that, unlike projective measurements which completely destroy quantum correlations between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Sudipta Mondal , Pritam Halder , Amit Kumar Pal , Aditi Sen De