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The devices designed for the Internet-of-Things encompass a large variety of distinct processor architectures, forming a highly heterogeneous zoo. In order to tackle this, we employ a simulator to estimate the performance of the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Cristian Ramírez , Adrián Castelló , Héctor Martínez , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is the cornerstone of HPC workloads and Deep Learning. State-of-the-art vendor libraries tune tensor layouts, parallelization schemes, and cache blocking to minimize data movement across the memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Evangelos Georganas , Alexander Heinecke , Pradeep Dubey

We present an interface and an implementation of the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) routine for multiple small matrices processed simultaneously on NVIDIA graphics processing units (GPUs). We focus on matrix sizes under 16. The…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Chetan Jhurani , Paul Mullowney

Recent advances in deep learning (DL) have led to a shift from traditional 64-bit floating point (FP64) computations toward reduced-precision formats, such as FP16, BF16, and 8- or 16-bit integers, combined with mixed-precision arithmetic.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Héctor Martínez , Adrián Castelló , Francisco D. Igual , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí

Although prior art has demonstrated negligible accuracy drop in sub-byte quantization -- where weights and/or activations are represented by less than 8 bits -- popular SIMD instructions of CPUs do not natively support these datatypes.…

Performance · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Hossein Katebi , Navidreza Asadi , Maziar Goudarzi

Recent advances in self-supervised learning and the Transformer architecture have significantly improved natural language processing (NLP), achieving remarkably low perplexity. However, the growing size of NLP models introduces a memory…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Gunho Park , Baeseong Park , Minsub Kim , Sungjae Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , Beomseok Kwon , Se Jung Kwon , Byeongwook Kim , Youngjoo Lee , Dongsoo Lee

While Large Language Models (LLMs) become ever more dominant, classic pre-trained word embeddings sustain their relevance through computational efficiency and nuanced linguistic interpretation. Drawing from recent studies demonstrating that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Haoran Zhao , Jake Ryland Williams

The optimization of the matrix multiplication (or GEMM) has been a need during the last decades. This operation is considered the flagship of current linear algebra libraries such as BLIS, OpenBLAS, or Intel OneAPI because of its widespread…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Adrián Castelló , Julian Bellavita , Grace Dinh , Yuka Ikarashi , Héctor Martínez

Emerging deep learning workloads urgently need fast general matrix multiplication (GEMM). To meet such demand, one of the critical features of machine-learning-specific accelerators such as NVIDIA Tensor Cores, AMD Matrix Cores, and Google…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Bo Fang , Xinyi Li , Harvey Dam , Cheng Tan , Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Timothy Tsai , Ignacio Laguna , Dingwen Tao , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan , Prashant Nair , Kevin Barker , Ang Li

We propose an Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) learning algorithm, based on our previous work of GMM expansion idea. The new algorithm brings more robustness and simplicity than classic Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. It also improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Weiguo Lu , Xuan Wu , Deng Ding , Gangnan Yuan

The GEneral Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is one of the essential algorithms in scientific computing. Single-thread GEMM implementations are well-optimised with techniques like blocking and autotuning. However, due to the complexity of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yufan Xia , Marco De La Pierre , Amanda S. Barnard , Giuseppe Maria Junior Barca

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a ubiquitous compute kernel in deep learning (DL). To support energy-efficient edge-native processing, new GEMM hardware units have been proposed that operate on unary encoded bitstreams using much…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Prabhu Vellaisamy , Harideep Nair , Joseph Finn , Manav Trivedi , Albert Chen , Anna Li , Tsung-Han Lin , Perry Wang , Shawn Blanton , John Paul Shen

Weight-only quantization has been widely explored in large language models (LLMs) to reduce memory storage and data loading overhead. During deployment on single-instruction-multiple-threads (SIMT) architectures, weights are stored in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Ruokai Yin , Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

A Random SubMatrix method (RSM) is proposed to calculate the low-rank decomposition of large-scale matrices with known entry percentage \rho. RSM is very fast as the floating-point operations (flops) required are compared favorably with the…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2015-10-28 Yiguang Liu

Among ML operators today, GEneralMatrix Multiplication (GEMM)-based operators are known to be key operators that build the main backbone of ML models. As their computational overhead dominates the overall execution time (e.g., 42.8% - 96.6%…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Rachid Karami , Sheng-Chun Kao , Hyoukjun Kwon

General matrix/matrix multiplication (GEMM) is crucial for scientific computing and machine learning. However, the increased scale of the computing platforms raises concerns about hardware and software reliability. In this poster, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Shixun Wu , Yujia Zhai , Jiajun Huang , Zizhe Jian , Zizhong Chen

Generic matrix multiplication (GEMM) and one-dimensional convolution/cross-correlation (CONV) kernels often constitute the bulk of the compute- and memory-intensive processing within image/audio recognition and matching systems. We propose…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2014-11-12 Mohammad Ashraful Anam , Paul N. Whatmough , Yiannis Andreopoulos

We present "GEMM-like Tensor-Tensor multiplication" (GETT), a novel approach to tensor contractions that mirrors the design of a high-performance general matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM). The critical insight behind GETT is the…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Paul Springer , Paolo Bientinesi

Positive semi-definite matrices commonly occur as normal matrices of least squares problems in statistics or as kernel matrices in machine learning and approximation theory. They are typically large and dense. Thus algorithms to solve…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Markus Hegland , Frank deHoog

The inductive matrix completion (IMC) problem is to recover a low rank matrix from few observed entries while incorporating prior knowledge about its row and column subspaces. In this work, we make three contributions to the IMC problem:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Pini Zilber , Boaz Nadler