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Related papers: Retail Central Bank Digital Currency: Motivations,…

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This paper takes the development of Central bank digital currencies as a perspective, introduces it into the Baumol-Tobin money demand theoretical framework, establishes the transactional money demand model under Central bank Digital…

General Economics · Economics 2024-01-15 Ruimin Song , Tiantian Zhao , Chunhui Zhou

We analyse financial stability and welfare impacts associated with the introduction of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) in a macroeconomic agent-based model. The model considers firms, banks, and households interacting on labour,…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-29 Emilio Barucci , Andrea Gurgone , Giulia Iori , Michele Azzone

The European Central Bank is preparing for the potential issuance of a central bank digital currency (CBDC), called the digital euro. A recent regulatory proposal by the European Commission defines several requirements for the digital euro,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Carolin Beer , Sheila Zingg , Kari Kostiainen , Karl Wüst , Vedran Capkun , Srdjan Capkun

This study explores the potential impact of introducing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on financial stability in an emerging dual-currency economy (Romania), where the domestic currency (RON) coexists with the euro. It develops an…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-16 Catalin Dumitrescu

In this paper, we use a variety of machine learning methods to quantify the extent to which economic and technological factors are predictive of the progression of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) within a country, using as our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Toshiko Matsui , Daniel Perez

Many proposals for the design and implementation of digital wallets assume that the purpose of the wallet is to enable offline payments via custodial accounts, ignoring the real problems faced by individuals and businesses that engage in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Geoffrey Goodell

The European Central Bank (ECB) is working on the "digital euro", an envisioned retail central bank digital currency for the Euro area. In this article, we take a closer look at the "digital euro FAQ", which provides answers to 26…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Joe Cannataci , Benjamin Fehrensen , Mikolai Gütschow , Özgür Kesim , Bernd Lucke

In an age of financial system digitisation and the increasing adoption of digital currencies, Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have emerged as a focal point for technological innovation. Privacy compliance has become a key factor in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jeff Nijsse , Andrea Pinto

Central banks are actively exploring retail central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), with the Bank of England currently in the design phase for a potential UK retail CBDC, the digital pound. In a previous paper, we defined and explored the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Lee Braine , Shreepad Shukla , Piyush Agrawal , Shrirang Khedekar , Aishwarya Nair

Digital payments traditionally rely on online communications with several intermediaries such as banks, payment networks, and payment processors in order to authorize and process payment transactions. While these communication networks are…

Stablecoins and central bank digital currencies are on the horizon in Asia, and in some cases have already arrived. This paper provides new analysis and a critique of the use case for both forms of digital currency. It provides time-varying…

General Economics · Economics 2022-02-16 Barry Eichengreen , Ganesh Viswanath-Natraj

In recent years, electronic retail payment mechanisms, especially e-commerce and card payments at the point of sale, have increasingly replaced cash in many developed countries. As a result, societies are losing a critical public retail…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Geoffrey Goodell , Hazem Danny Al-Nakib , Paolo Tasca

As digital goods and services become an integral part of modern day society, the demand for a standardized and ubiquitous form of digital currency increases. And it is not just about digital goods; the adoption of electronic and mobile…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-02-10 Sowmyan Jegatheesan , Sabbir Ahmed , Austin Chamney , Nour El-kadri

Tokenised money encompasses a broad range of digital monetary instruments issued on distributed ledger technology, including Central Bank Digital Currencys (CBDCs), deposit tokens, stablecoins, and decentralised protocol-based designs.…

General Economics · Economics 2026-01-14 Thomas Ankenbrand , Denis Bieri , Stefano Ferrazzini , Johannes Hoehener

Blockchain technology has spawned a vast ecosystem of digital currencies with Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) -- digital forms of fiat currency -- being one of them. An important feature of digital currencies is facilitating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Panagiotis Michalopoulos , Anthony Mack , Cameron Clark , Linus Chen , Johannes Sedlmeir , Andreas Veneris

A major drawback in deploying central bank digital currencies (CDBC) is the offline puzzle, which requires that a CBDC must keep the provision given by cash, and, simultaneously, avoid double-spending, counterfeiting, and other issues. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Henrique de Carvalho Videira

Centralized monetary policy, leading to persistent inflation, is often inconsistent, untrustworthy, and unpredictable. Algorithmic stablecoins enabled by blockchain technology are promising in solving this problem. Algorithmic stablecoins…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-17 Luyao Zhang , Yulin Liu

Information and communication technologies are by now employed in most human activities, including economics and finance. Modern computers have reached an extraordinary power in terms of information processing, storage, retrieval, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Marco Bernardo , Federico Calandra , Andrea Esposito , Francesco Fabris

This paper takes the development of China's Central bank digital currencies as a perspective, theoretically analyses the impact mechanism of the issuance and circulation of Central bank digital currencies on China's monetary policy and…

General Economics · Economics 2023-10-12 Ruimin Song , TIntian Zhao , Chunhui Zhou

This paper explores the coexistence possibilities of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) and blockchain-based cryptocurrencies within a post-quantum computing landscape. It examines the implications of emerging quantum algorithms and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Abraham Itzhak Weinberg , Pythagoras Petratos , Alessio Faccia