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This paper proposes a data-adaptive factor model (DAFM), a novel framework for extracting common factors that explain the structures of high-dimensional data. DAFM adopts a composite quantile strategy to adaptively capture the full…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-02 Seeun Park , Hee-Seok Oh

This paper proposes an imputation procedure that uses the factors estimated from a tall block along with the re-rotated loadings estimated from a wide block to impute missing values in a panel of data. Assuming that a strong factor…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-08-13 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

Factor models are a class of powerful statistical models that have been widely used to deal with dependent measurements that arise frequently from various applications from genomics and neuroscience to economics and finance. As data are…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-14 Jianqing Fan , Kaizheng Wang , Yiqiao Zhong , Ziwei Zhu

Matrix factorization (MF) is a versatile learning method that has found wide applications in various data-driven disciplines. Still, many MF algorithms do not adequately scale with the size of available datasets and/or lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Abhishek Agarwal , Jianhao Peng , Olgica Milenkovic

Vintage factor analysis is one important type of factor analysis that aims to first find a low-dimensional representation of the original data, and then to seek a rotation such that the rotated low-dimensional representation is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-01 Xin Bing , Xin He , Dian Jin , Yuqian Zhang

The detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) is one of the most widely used tools for the detection of long-range correlations in time series. Although DFA has found many interesting applications and has been shown as one of the best performing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-03-18 G. Sikora , M. Hoell , A. Wylomanska , J. Gajda , A. V. Chechkin , H. Kantz

Estimates of the approximate factor model are increasingly used in empirical work. Their theoretical properties, studied some twenty years ago, also laid the ground work for analysis on large dimensional panel data models with cross-section…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-08-04 Jushan Bai , Serena Ng

The article discusses selected problems related to both principal component analysis (PCA) and factor analysis (FA). In particular, both types of analysis were compared. A vector interpretation for both PCA and FA has also been proposed.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Zenon Gniazdowski

In this article, we study large-dimensional matrix factor models and estimate the factor loading matrices and factor score matrix by minimizing square loss function. Interestingly, the resultant estimators coincide with the Projected…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-22 Yong He , Xinbing Kong , Long Yu , Xinsheng Zhang , Changwei Zhao

We propose a new matrix factor model, named RaDFaM, which is strictly derived based on the general rank decomposition and assumes a structure of a high-dimensional vector factor model for each basis vector. RaDFaM contributes a novel class…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-14 Xu Zhang , Catherine C. Liu , Jianhua Guo , K. C. Yuen , A. H. Welsh

Its conceptual appeal and effectiveness has made latent factor modeling an indispensable tool for multivariate analysis. Despite its popularity across many fields, there are outstanding methodological challenges that have hampered practical…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-12-12 Kenichiro McAlinn , Veronika Rockova , Enakshi Saha

We present a novel factor analysis method that can be applied to the discovery of common factors shared among trajectories in multivariate time series data. These factors satisfy a precedence-ordering property: certain factors are recruited…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-05-10 Arnau Tibau Puig , Alfred O. Hero

Traditional principal component analysis (PCA) is well known in high-dimensional data analysis, but it requires to express data by a matrix with observations to be continuous. To overcome the limitations, a new method called flexible PCA…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-17 Tonglin Zhang , Baijian Yang , Qianqian Song , Jing Su

Functional Principal Components Analysis (FPCA) provides a parsimonious, semi-parametric model for multivariate, sparsely-observed functional data. Frequentist FPCA approaches estimate principal components (PCs) from the data, then…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 Joseph Sartini , Scott Zeger , Ciprian Crainiceanu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used method for data processing, such as for dimension reduction and visualization. Standard PCA is known to be sensitive to outliers, and thus, various robust PCA methods have been proposed.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-11 Keishi Sando , Hideitsu Hino

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a very successful dimensionality reduction technique, widely used in predictive modeling. A key factor in its widespread use in this domain is the fact that the projection of a dataset onto its first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-19 Xianghui Luo , Robert J. Durrant

The concepts of sparsity, and regularised estimation, have proven useful in many high-dimensional statistical applications. Dynamic factor models (DFMs) provide a parsimonious approach to modelling high-dimensional time series, however, it…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-22 Luke Mosley , Tak-Shing T. Chan , Alex Gibberd

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular dimension reduction technique for vector data. Factored PCA (FPCA) is a probabilistic extension of PCA for matrix data, which can substantially reduce the number of parameters in PCA while…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Xuan Ma , Jianhua Zhao , Yue Wang

Big data is transforming our world, revolutionizing operations and analytics everywhere, from financial engineering to biomedical sciences. The complexity of big data often makes dimension reduction techniques necessary before conducting…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-01-08 Jianqing Fan , Qiang Sun , Wen-Xin Zhou , Ziwei Zhu

Principal component analysis (PCA), a ubiquitous dimensionality reduction technique in signal processing, searches for a projection matrix that minimizes the mean squared error between the reduced dataset and the original one. Since…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte