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Developing non-collaborative dialogue agents traditionally requires the manual, unscalable codification of expert strategies. We propose \ours, a method that leverages large language models to autonomously induce both strategy actions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Haofu Yang , Jiaji Liu , Chen Huang , Faguo Wu , Wenqiang Lei , See-Kiong Ng

Intelligent agents powered by AI planning assist people in complex scenarios, such as managing teams of semi-autonomous vehicles. However, AI planning models may be incomplete, leading to plans that do not adequately meet the stated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Ronal Singh , Tim Miller , Darryn Reid

Agents, as user-centric tools, are increasingly deployed for human task delegation, assisting with a broad spectrum of requests by generating thoughts, engaging with user proxies, and producing action plans. However, agents based on large…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Wenyue Hua , Mengting Wan , Shashank Vadrevu , Ryan Nadel , Yongfeng Zhang , Chi Wang

Task-oriented proactive dialogue agents play a pivotal role in recruitment, particularly for steering conversations towards specific business outcomes, such as acquiring social-media contacts for private-channel conversion. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zhiyong Cao , Dunqiang Liu , Qi Dai , Haojun Xu , Huaiyan Xu , Huan He , Yafei Liu , Siyuan Liu , XiaoLin Lin , Ke Ma , Ruqian Shi , Sijia Yao , Hao Wang , Sicheng Zhou

Recent advancements in dialogue policy planning have emphasized optimizing system agent policies to achieve predefined goals, focusing on strategy design, trajectory acquisition, and efficient training paradigms. However, these approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Tao He , Lizi Liao , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Reinforcement learning based dialogue policies are typically trained in interaction with a user simulator. To obtain an effective and robust policy, this simulator should generate user behaviour that is both realistic and varied. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Simon Keizer , Caroline Dockes , Norbert Braunschweiler , Svetlana Stoyanchev , Rama Doddipatla

Collaborative reasoning with multiple agents offers the potential for more robust and diverse problem-solving. However, existing approaches often suffer from homogeneous agent behaviors and lack of reflective and rethinking capabilities. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Jian Zhang , Zhiyuan Wang , Zhangqi Wang , Fangzhi Xu , Qika Lin , Lingling Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria , Jun Liu

Proactive dialogue system is able to lead the conversation to a goal topic and has advantaged potential in bargain, persuasion and negotiation. Current corpus-based learning manner limits its practical application in real-world scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Wenqiang Lei , Yao Zhang , Feifan Song , Hongru Liang , Jiaxin Mao , Jiancheng Lv , Zhenglu Yang , Tat-Seng Chua

Most dialog systems posit that users have figured out clear and specific goals before starting an interaction. For example, users have determined the departure, the destination, and the travel time for booking a flight. However, in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Zeming Liu , Jun Xu , Zeyang Lei , Haifeng Wang , Zheng-Yu Niu , Hua Wu

Real-world trip planning requires transforming open-ended user requests into executable itineraries under strict spatial, temporal, and budgetary constraints while aligning with user preferences. Existing LLM-based agents struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yuxing Chen , Basem Suleiman , Qifan Chen

Reaching consensus in urban planning is a complex process often hindered by prolonged negotiations, trade-offs, power dynamics, and competing stakeholder interests, resulting in inefficiencies and inequities. Advances in large language…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Jin Gao , Hanyong Xu , Luc Dao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as customer-facing agents, yet evaluating their reliability remains challenging due to stochastic, multi-turn interactions. Current evaluation protocols rely on linear Monte Carlo…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Itay Nakash , George Kour , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

We present the first complete attempt at concurrently training conversational agents that communicate only via self-generated language. Using DSTC2 as seed data, we trained natural language understanding (NLU) and generation (NLG) networks…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Alexandros Papangelis , Yi-Chia Wang , Piero Molino , Gokhan Tur

Leveraging multiple large language model (LLM) agents has shown to be a promising approach for tackling complex tasks, while the effective design of multiple agents for a particular application remains an art. It is thus intriguing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Linxin Song , Jiale Liu , Jieyu Zhang , Shaokun Zhang , Ao Luo , Shijian Wang , Qingyun Wu , Chi Wang

Many conversational domains require the system to present nuanced information to users. Such systems must follow up what they say to address clarification questions and repair misunderstandings. In this work, we explore this interactive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Baber Khalid , Matthew Stone

Most AI systems today are designed to manage tasks and execute predefined steps. This makes them effective for process coordination but limited in their ability to engage in joint problem-solving with humans or contribute new ideas. We…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Kexin Quan , Dina Albassam , Mengke Wu , Zijian Ding , Jessie Chin

Deep learning has enabled traditional reinforcement learning methods to deal with high-dimensional problems. However, one of the disadvantages of deep reinforcement learning methods is the limited exploration capacity of learning agents. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Thanh Nguyen , Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Saeid Nahavandi

Dialogue agents that support human users in solving complex tasks have received much attention recently. Many such tasks are NP-hard optimization problems that require careful collaborative exploration of the solution space. We introduce a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Isidora Jeknic , Alex Duchnowski , Alexander Koller

In this paper, a novel Generation-Evaluation framework is developed for multi-turn conversations with the objective of letting both participants know more about each other. For the sake of rational knowledge utilization and coherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Siqi Bao , Huang He , Fan Wang , Rongzhong Lian , Hua Wu

In this work, our goal is to train agents that can coordinate with seen, unseen as well as human partners in a multi-agent communication environment involving natural language. Previous work using a single set of agents has shown great…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Abhinav Gupta , Marc Lanctot , Angeliki Lazaridou