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Intelligent and adaptive online education systems aim to make high-quality education available for a diverse range of students. However, existing systems usually depend on a pool of hand-made questions, limiting how fine-grained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Megha Srivastava , Noah Goodman

Emerging Knowledge Tracing (KT) models, particularly deep learning and attention-based Knowledge Tracing, have shown great potential in realizing personalized learning analysis via prediction of students' future performance based on their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Shubham Kose , Jin Wei-Kocsis

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is concerned with predicting students' future performance on learning items in intelligent tutoring systems. Learning items are tagged with skill labels called knowledge concepts (KCs). Many KT models expand the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Knowledge tracing aims to track students' knowledge status over time to predict students' future performance accurately. Markov chain-based knowledge tracking (MCKT) models can track knowledge concept mastery probability over time. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Hengyu Liu , Tiancheng Zhang , Fan Li , Minghe Yu , Ge Yu

For offering proactive services to students in intelligent education, one of the fundamental tasks is predicting their performance (e.g., scores) on future exercises, where it is necessary to track each student's knowledge acquisition…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Qi Liu , Zhenya Huang , Yu Yin , Enhong Chen , Hui Xiong , Yu Su , Guoping Hu

The advent of deep learning has led to a significant gain in machine translation. However, most of the studies required a large parallel dataset which is scarce and expensive to construct and even unavailable for some languages. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Viet H. Pham , Thang M. Pham , Giang Nguyen , Long Nguyen , Dien Dinh

Low-rankness plays an important role in traditional machine learning, but is not so popular in deep learning. Most previous low-rank network compression methods compress networks by approximating pre-trained models and re-training. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Kailing Guo , Zhenquan Lin , Canyang Chen , Xiaofen Xing , Fang Liu , Xiangmin Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a transparent brain with accessible parameters that encode extensive knowledge, which can be analyzed, located and transferred. Consequently, a key research challenge is to transcend traditional knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yuqiao Tan , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents performing complex tasks must be able to remember observations and actions across sizable time intervals. This is especially true during the initial learning stages, when exploratory behaviour can increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Thomas Stepleton , Razvan Pascanu , Will Dabney , Siddhant M. Jayakumar , Hubert Soyer , Remi Munos

Training deep neural networks from scratch on natural language processing (NLP) tasks requires significant amount of manually labeled text corpus and substantial time to converge, which usually cannot be satisfied by the customers. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yunzhe Tao , Saurabh Gupta , Satyapriya Krishna , Xiong Zhou , Orchid Majumder , Vineet Khare

The rapid advancements in vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have intensified the need to address distribution shifts between training and testing datasets. Although prior Test-Time Training (TTT) techniques for VLMs have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yuto Kojima , Jiarui Xu , Xueyan Zou , Xiaolong Wang

Due to the high memory and computational costs associated with large language models (LLMs), model compression techniques such as quantization, which reduces inference costs, and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Hyesung Jeon , Yulhwa Kim , Jae-joon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) often require vast amounts of text to effectively acquire new knowledge. While continuing pre-training on large corpora or employing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven successful, updating an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hugo Abonizio , Thales Almeida , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Teaching plays a fundamental role in human learning. Typically, a human teaching strategy would involve assessing a student's knowledge progress for tailoring the teaching materials in a way that enhances the learning progress. A human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Ghodai Abdelrahman , Qing Wang

The knowledge replay technique has been widely used in many tasks such as continual learning and continuous domain adaptation. The key lies in how to effectively encode the knowledge extracted from previous data and replay them during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yingying Zhang , Qiaoyong Zhong , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu

Deep neural networks often have a huge number of parameters, which posts challenges in deployment in application scenarios with limited memory and computation capacity. Knowledge distillation is one approach to derive compact models from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Wenxian Shi , Yuxuan Song , Hao Zhou , Bohan Li , Lei Li

In the field of intelligent education, knowledge tracing (KT) has attracted increasing attention, which estimates and traces students' mastery of knowledge concepts to provide high-quality education. In KT, there are natural graph…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Rui Luo , Fei Liu , Wenhao Liang , Yuhong Zhang , Chenyang Bu , Xuegang Hu

Fine-tuning large pre-trained models for downstream tasks has become a fundamental approach in natural language processing. Fully fine-tuning all model parameters is computationally expensive and memory-intensive, especially in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yu Chen , Yifei Han , Long Zhang , Yue Du , Bin Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a critical limitation: their knowledge is static and quickly becomes outdated. Retraining these massive models is computationally prohibitive, while existing knowledge editing techniques can be slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Kabir Khan , Priya Sharma , Arjun Mehta , Neha Gupta , Ravi Narayanan