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We propose ELIS, a serving system for Large Language Models (LLMs) featuring an Iterative Shortest Remaining Time First (ISRTF) scheduler designed to efficiently manage inference tasks with the shortest remaining tokens. Current LLM serving…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Seungbeom Choi , Jeonghoe Goo , Eunjoo Jeon , Mingyu Yang , Minsung Jang

In this paper we describe a perfect simulation algorithm for the stable $M/G/c$ queue. Sigman (2011: Exact Simulation of the Stationary Distribution of the FIFO M/G/c Queue. Journal of Applied Probability, 48A, 209--213) showed how to build…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-02 Stephen B. Connor , Wilfrid S. Kendall

Stochastic networks with complex structures are key modelling tools for many important applications. In this paper, we consider a specific type of network: the retrial queueing systems with priority. This type of queueing system is…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Bin Liu , Yiqiang Q. Zhao

Motivated by mail delivery scheduling problems arising in Royal Mail, we study a generalization of the fundamental makespan scheduling P||Cmax problem which we call the bounded job start scheduling problem. Given a set of jobs, each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Dimitrios Letsios , Jeremy T. Bradley , Suraj G , Ruth Misener , Natasha Page

Two of the most popular approximations for the distribution of the steady-state waiting time, $W_{\infty}$, of the M/G/1 queue are the so-called heavy-traffic approximation and heavy-tailed asymptotic, respectively. If the traffic…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-04-08 Mariana Olvera-Cravioto , Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn

We consider a single large language model (LLM) server that serves a heterogeneous stream of queries belonging to $N$ distinct task types. Queries arrive according to a Poisson process, and each type occurs with a known prior probability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Emre Ozbas , Melih Bastopcu

We study the problem of scheduling delay-sensitive jobs over spot and on-demand cloud instances to minimize average cost while meeting an average delay constraint. Jobs arrive as a general stochastic process, and incur different costs based…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Neelkamal Bhuyan , Randeep Bhatia , Murali Kodialam , TV Lakshman

Large Language Models have revolutionized natural language processing, yet serving them efficiently in data centers remains challenging due to mixed workloads comprising latency-sensitive (LS) and best-effort (BE) jobs. Existing inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Mohammad Siavashi , Faezeh Keshmiri Dindarloo , Dejan Kostic , Marco Chiesa

This work studies the behavior of state-of-the-art memory controller designs when executing scale-out workloads. It considers memory scheduling techniques, memory page management policies, the number of memory channels, and the address…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Mostafa Mahmoud , Andreas Moshovos

We consider a distributed computing network consisting of a master and multiple workers processing tasks of different types. The master is running multiple applications. Each application stochastically generates real-time jobs with a strict…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Yu-Pin Hsu , Yu-Chih Huang , Shin-Lin Shieh

In this paper we analyze the worst-case performance of a greedy algorithm called Largest-Z-ratio-First for the problem of scheduling unreliable jobs on m parallel machines. Each job is characterized by a success probability and a reward…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-24 Alessandro Agnetis , Thomas Lidbetter

Inference-time alignment effectively steers large language models (LLMs) by generating multiple candidates from a reference model and selecting among them with an imperfect reward model. However, current strategies face a fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Hsiang Hsu , Eric Lei , Chun-Fu Chen

This paper presents a scalable solution with adjustable computation time for the joint problem of scheduling and assigning machines and transporters for missions that must be completed in a fixed order of operations across multiple stages.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Koresh Khateri , Giovanni Beltrame

Interval scheduling is a basic problem in the theory of algorithms and a classical task in combinatorial optimization. We develop a set of techniques for partitioning and grouping jobs based on their starting and ending times, that enable…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Spencer Compton , Slobodan Mitrović , Ronitt Rubinfeld

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a pivotal post-training technique for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, synchronous RL post-training often suffers from significant GPU underutilization, referred…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Wei Gao , Yuheng Zhao , Dakai An , Tianyuan Wu , Lunxi Cao , Shaopan Xiong , Ju Huang , Weixun Wang , Siran Yang , Wenbo Su , Jiamang Wang , Lin Qu , Bo Zheng , Wei Wang

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) can cost-efficiently provide network services by running different virtual network functions (VNFs) at different virtual machines (VMs) in a correct order. This can result in strong couplings between…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-20 Xiaojing Chen , Wei Ni , Tianyi Chen , Iain B. Collings , Xin Wang , Ren Ping Liu , Georgios B. Giannakis

In the moldable job scheduling problem one has to assign a set of $n$ jobs to $m$ machines, in order to minimize the time it takes to process all jobs. Each job is moldable, so it can be assigned not only to one but any number of the equal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Kilian Grage , Klaus Jansen , Felix Ohnesorge

Our interest lies in load balancing jobs in large scale systems consisting of multiple dispatchers and FCFS servers. In the absence of any information on job sizes, dispatchers typically use queue length information reported by the servers…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Tim Hellemans , Benny Van Houdt

In this paper, the asymptotic behaviour of the distribution tail of the stationary waiting time $W$ in the $GI/GI/2$ FCFS queue is studied. Under subexponential-type assumptions on the service time distribution, bounds and sharp asymptotics…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-20 Sergey Foss , Dmitry Korshunov

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is one of the most effective approaches to suppressing ground clutters in airborne radar systems. It basically takes two forms, i.e., full-dimension STAP (FD-STAP) and reduced-dimension STAP (RD-STAP).…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Di Song , Shengyao Chen , Feng Xi , Zhong Liu