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We present a Bayesian formulation for deep speaker embedding, wherein the xi-vector is the Bayesian counterpart of the x-vector, taking into account the uncertainty estimate. On the technology front, we offer a simple and straightforward…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-13 Kong Aik Lee , Qiongqiong Wang , Takafumi Koshinaka

Since state-of-the-art uncertainty estimation methods are often computationally demanding, we investigate whether incorporating prior information can improve uncertainty estimates in conventional deep neural networks. Our focus is on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Fabian Denoodt , José Oramas

The performance of automatic speaker recognition systems degrades when facing distorted speech data containing additive noise and/or reverberation. Statistical uncertainty propagation has been introduced as a promising paradigm to address…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Dayana Ribas , Emmanuel Vincent

This paper focuses on multi-enrollment speaker recognition which naturally occurs in the task of online speaker clustering, and studies the properties of different scoring back-ends in this scenario. First, we show that popular cosine…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Alexey Sholokhov , Nikita Kuzmin , Kong Aik Lee , Eng Siong Chng

In this paper, we propose the coarse-to-fine optimization for the task of speech enhancement. Cosine similarity loss [1] has proven to be an effective metric to measure similarity of speech signals. However, due to the large variance of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Jian Yao , Ahmad Al-Dahle

In this paper, we propose a simple but powerful unsupervised learning method for speaker recognition, namely Contrastive Equilibrium Learning (CEL), which increases the uncertainty on nuisance factors latent in the embeddings by employing…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-23 Sung Hwan Mun , Woo Hyun Kang , Min Hyun Han , Nam Soo Kim

Speaker verification can be formulated as a representation learning task, where speaker-discriminative embeddings are extracted from utterances of variable lengths. Momentum Contrast (MoCo) is a recently proposed unsupervised representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Ke Ding , Xuanji He , Guanglu Wan

In the field of speaker verification, session or channel variability poses a significant challenge. While many contemporary methods aim to disentangle session information from speaker embeddings, we introduce a novel approach using an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-27 Hee-Soo Heo , KiHyun Nam , Bong-Jin Lee , Youngki Kwon , Minjae Lee , You Jin Kim , Joon Son Chung

Representation learning plays a central role in structuring internal embeddings to capture the statistical properties of language, influencing the coherence and contextual consistency of generated text. Statistical Coherence Alignment is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Jonathan Gale , Godfrey Aldington , Harriet Thistlewood , Thomas Tattershall , Basil Wentworth , Vincent Enoasmo

Learning speaker-specific features is vital in many applications like speaker recognition, diarization and speech recognition. This paper provides a novel approach, we term Neural Predictive Coding (NPC), to learn speaker-specific…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Arindam Jati , Panayiotis Georgiou

Speaker embedding has been a fundamental feature for speaker-related tasks such as verification, clustering, and diarization. Traditionally, speaker embeddings are represented as fixed vectors in high-dimensional space. This could lead to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Siqi Zheng , Hongbin Suo , Qian Chen

Speaker verification is a task of confirming an individual's identity through the analysis of their voice. Whispered speech differs from phonated speech in acoustic characteristics, which degrades the performance of speaker verification…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Magdalena Gołębiowska , Piotr Syga

Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) segments objects without a heavy burden of dense annotation. While as a price, generated pseudo-masks exist obvious noisy pixels, which result in sub-optimal segmentation models trained over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-15 Yi Li , Yiqun Duan , Zhanghui Kuang , Yimin Chen , Wayne Zhang , Xiaomeng Li

Singing voice synthesis (SVS) has seen remarkable advancements in recent years. However, compared to speech and general audio data, publicly available singing datasets remain limited. In practice, this data scarcity often leads to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yiwen Zhao , Jiatong Shi , Yuxun Tang , William Chen , Shinji Watanabe

In this paper, a novel architecture for speaker recognition is proposed by cascading speech enhancement and speaker processing. Its aim is to improve speaker recognition performance when speech signals are corrupted by noise. Instead of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Yanpei Shi , Qiang Huang , Thomas Hain

Cosine similarity of contextual embeddings is used in many NLP tasks (e.g., QA, IR, MT) and metrics (e.g., BERTScore). Here, we uncover systematic ways in which word similarities estimated by cosine over BERT embeddings are understated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Kaitlyn Zhou , Kawin Ethayarajh , Dallas Card , Dan Jurafsky

In this paper, we visualize and quantify the predictive uncertainty of gradient-based post hoc visual explanations for neural networks. Predictive uncertainty refers to the variability in the network predictions under perturbations to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Despite the maturity of modern speaker verification technology, its performance still significantly degrades when facing non-neutrally-phonated (e.g., shouted and whispered) speech. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a new…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 Iván López-Espejo , Santi Prieto , Alfonso Ortega , Eduardo Lleida

Modelling uncertainty in Machine Learning models is essential for achieving safe and reliable predictions. Most research on uncertainty focuses on output uncertainty (predictions), but minimal attention is paid to uncertainty at inputs. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Ivo Pascal de Jong , Marco Zullich

This paper studies modulation spectrum features ($\Phi$) and mel-frequency cepstral coefficients ($\Psi$) in joint speaker diarization and identification (JSID). JSID is important as speaker diarization on its own to distinguish speakers is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-02 Simon W. McKnight , Aidan O. T. Hogg , Vincent W. Neo , Patrick A. Naylor