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Multilingual large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in linguistically diverse regions like India, yet most interpretability tools remain tailored to English. Prior work reveals that LLMs often operate in English centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Mihir Panchal , Deeksha Varshney , Mamta , Asif Ekbal

The dominance of large multilingual foundation models has widened linguistic inequalities in Natural Language Processing (NLP), often leaving low-resource languages underrepresented. This paper introduces LilMoo, a 0.6-billion-parameter…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Shiza Fatimah , Aniket Sen , Sophia Falk , Florian Mai , Lucie Flek , Nicholas Kluge Corrêa

India is a multilingual society with 1369 rationalized languages and dialects being spoken across the country (INDIA, 2011). Of these, the 22 scheduled languages have a staggering total of 1.17 billion speakers and 121 languages have more…

Instruction-following benchmarks remain predominantly English-centric, leaving a critical evaluation gap for the hundreds of millions of Indic language speakers. We introduce IndicIFEval, a benchmark evaluating constrained generation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Thanmay Jayakumar , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Raj Dabre , Ratish Puduppully , Anoop Kunchukuttan

India is a diverse society with unique challenges in developing AI systems, including linguistic diversity, oral traditions, data accessibility, and scalability. Existing foundation models are primarily trained on English, limiting their…

The driving factors behind the development of large language models (LLMs) with impressive learning capabilities are their colossal model sizes and extensive training datasets. Along with the progress in natural language processing, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Thuat Nguyen , Chien Van Nguyen , Viet Dac Lai , Hieu Man , Nghia Trung Ngo , Franck Dernoncourt , Ryan A. Rossi , Thien Huu Nguyen

Low-resource languages, by its very definition, tend to be under represented in the pre-training corpora of Large Language Models. In this work, we investigate three low-resource cross-lingual approaches that enable an LLM adapt to tasks in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Vaibhav Singh , Amrith Krishna , Karthika NJ , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Natural Language Generation (NLG) for non-English languages is hampered by the scarcity of datasets in these languages. In this paper, we present the IndicNLG Benchmark, a collection of datasets for benchmarking NLG for 11 Indic languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Aman Kumar , Himani Shrotriya , Prachi Sahu , Raj Dabre , Ratish Puduppully , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Amogh Mishra , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

We present the IndicNLP corpus, a large-scale, general-domain corpus containing 2.7 billion words for 10 Indian languages from two language families. We share pre-trained word embeddings trained on these corpora. We create news article…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Anoop Kunchukuttan , Divyanshu Kakwani , Satish Golla , Gokul N. C. , Avik Bhattacharyya , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

Existing document-level machine translation resources are only available for a handful of languages, mostly high-resourced ones. To facilitate the training and evaluation of document-level translation and, more broadly, long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Dayyán O'Brien , Bhavitvya Malik , Ona de Gibert , Pinzhen Chen , Barry Haddow , Jörg Tiedemann

Pretraining large language models is a complex endeavor influenced by multiple factors, including model architecture, data quality, training continuity, and hardware constraints. In this paper, we share insights gained from the experience…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Miles Q. Li , Benjamin C. M. Fung , Shih-Chia Huang

Instruction tuning is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to solve real-world tasks. Prior work has shown the effectiveness of instruction-tuning data synthesized solely from LLMs, raising a fundamental question: Do we still…

Speech translation for Indian languages remains a challenging task due to the scarcity of large-scale, publicly available datasets that capture the linguistic diversity and domain coverage essential for real-world applications. Existing…

In this paper, we explore the utility of translationese as synthetic data created using machine translation for pre-training language models (LMs) for low-resource languages (LRLs). Our simple methodology consists of translating large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Meet Doshi , Raj Dabre , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enable language models to access relevant information and generate accurate, well-grounded, and contextually informed responses. However, for Indian languages, the development of high-quality RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Pasunuti Prasanjith , Prathmesh B More , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Raj Dabre

In this paper, we study pre-trained sequence-to-sequence models for a group of related languages, with a focus on Indic languages. We present IndicBART, a multilingual, sequence-to-sequence pre-trained model focusing on 11 Indic languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Raj Dabre , Himani Shrotriya , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Ratish Puduppully , Mitesh M. Khapra , Pratyush Kumar

Evaluation of multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) is challenging due to a variety of factors -- the lack of benchmarks with sufficient linguistic diversity, contamination of popular benchmarks into LLM pre-training data and the lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Ishaan Watts , Varun Gumma , Aditya Yadavalli , Vivek Seshadri , Manohar Swaminathan , Sunayana Sitaram

This project focuses on enhancing open-source large language models through instruction-tuning and providing comprehensive evaluations of their performance. We explore how various training data factors, such as quantity, quality, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Fangkai Jiao , Bosheng Ding , Tianze Luo , Zhanfeng Mo

Developing a high-performing large language models (LLMs) for low-resource languages such as Urdu, present several challenges. These challenges include the scarcity of high-quality datasets, multilingual inconsistencies, and safety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Muhammad Ali Shafique , Kanwal Mehreen , Muhammad Arham , Maaz Amjad , Sabur Butt , Hamza Farooq

Recent methods in speech and language technology pretrain very LARGE models which are fine-tuned for specific tasks. However, the benefits of such LARGE models are often limited to a few resource rich languages of the world. In this work,…