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Related papers: Low Overhead Qutrit Magic State Distillation

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We introduce magic-augmented Clifford circuits -- architectures in which Clifford circuits are preceded and/or followed by constant-depth circuits of non-Clifford (``magic") gates -- as a resource-efficient way to realize approximate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Yuzhen Zhang , Sagar Vijay , Yingfei Gu , Yimu Bao

An important task required to build a scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computer is to efficiently represent an arbitrary single-qubit rotation by fault-tolerant quantum operations. Traditionally, the method for decomposing a single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-30 Guillaume Duclos-Cianci , Krysta M. Svore

Magic states are a scarce resource for two-dimensional qubit stabilizer codes. Magic state cultivation was recently proposed to reduce the cost of magic state preparation by measuring the transversal Clifford operator of the color code.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Bence Hetényi , Benjamin J. Brown , Dominic J. Williamson

Quantum error correction (QEC) is crucial for ensuring the reliability of quantum computers. However, implementing QEC often requires a significant number of qubits, leading to substantial overhead. One of the major challenges in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

Noise rates in quantum computing experiments have dropped dramatically, but reliable qubits remain precious. Fault-tolerance schemes with minimal qubit overhead are therefore essential. We introduce fault-tolerant error-correction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-06 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

A triorthogonal code is a binary quantum Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) code defined by a triorthogonal matrix. Triorthogonal codes are a key ingredient in magic-state distillation, since they allow for transversal $\mathsf{T}$ gates, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Alessio Baldelli , Olai Å. Mostad , Hsuan-Yin Lin , Eirik Rosnes , Massimo Battaglioni

Virtual distillation has been proposed as an error mitigation protocol for estimating the expectation values of observables in quantum algorithms. It proceeds by creating a cyclic permutation of $M$ noisy copies of a quantum state using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-21 Pontus Vikstål , Giulia Ferrini , Shruti Puri

Quantum computation must be performed in a fault-tolerant manner to be realizable in practice. Recent progress has uncovered quantum error-correcting codes with sparse connectivity requirements and constant qubit overhead. Existing schemes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-20 Dominic J. Williamson , Theodore J. Yoder

Estimating and reducing the overhead of fault tolerance (FT) schemes is a crucial step toward realizing scalable quantum computers. Of particular interest are schemes based on two-dimensional (2D) topological codes such as the surface and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Michael E. Beverland , Aleksander Kubica , Krysta M. Svore

Most quantum error correcting codes are predicated on the assumption that there exists a reservoir of qubits in the state $\ket{0}$, which can be used as ancilla qubits to prepare multi-qubit logical states. In this report, we examine the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-30 Ben Criger , Osama Moussa , Raymond Laflamme

Fault-tolerant quantum computation demands significant resources: large numbers of physical qubits must be checked for errors repeatedly to protect quantum data as logic gates are implemented in the presence of noise. We demonstrate that an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Felix Thomsen , Markus S. Kesselring , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

Fault-tolerance is the future of quantum computing, ensuring error-corrected quantum computation that can be used for practical applications. Resource requirements for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) are daunting, and hence,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Sanaa Sharma , Prakash Murali

Quantum error correcting codes protect quantum information, allowing for large quantum computations provided that physical error rates are sufficiently low. We combine post-selection with surface code error correction through the use of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-23 Samuel C. Smith , Benjamin J. Brown , Stephen D. Bartlett

In the early years of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC), it is expected that the available code distance and the number of magic states will be restricted due to the limited scalability of quantum devices and the insufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Yasunari Suzuki , Suguru Endo , Keisuke Fujii , Yuuki Tokunaga

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Magic states enable universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation within the stabilizer framework. Their non-stabilizerness supplies the resource needed to bypass the Eastin-Knill theorem while allowing fault-tolerant distillation. Although…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Muhammad Erew , Moshe Goldstein

We show that a quantum architecture with an error correction procedure limited to geometrically local operations incurs an overhead that grows with the system size, even if arbitrary error-free classical computation is allowed. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Nouédyn Baspin , Omar Fawzi , Ala Shayeghi

We consider a model of quantum computation in which the set of elementary operations is limited to Clifford unitaries, the creation of the state $|0\rangle$ computational basis. In addition, we allow the creation of a one-qubit ancilla in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-07 Sergei Bravyi , Alexei Kitaev

Fast, reliable logical operations are essential for realizing useful quantum computers. By redundantly encoding logical qubits into many physical qubits and using syndrome measurements to detect and correct errors, one can achieve low…

We investigate a scheme of fault-tolerant quantum computation based on the cluster model. Logical qubits are encoded by a suitable code such as the Steane's 7-qubit code. Cluster states of logical qubits are prepared by post-selection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto