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Safe reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for real-world applications, and multi-agent interactions introduce additional safety challenges. While Probabilistic Logic Shields (PLS) has been a powerful proposal to enforce safety in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Satchit Chatterji , Erman Acar

Shielding is a common method used to guarantee the safety of a system under a black-box controller, such as a neural network controller from deep reinforcement learning (DRL), with simpler, verified controllers. Existing shielding methods…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-11 Robert Reed , Morteza Lahijanian

We apply deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to design of a networked controller with network delays to complete a temporal control task that is described by a signal temporal logic (STL) formula. STL is useful to deal with a specification…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-29 Junya Ikemoto , Toshimitsu Ushio

Designing Reinforcement Learning (RL) solutions for real-life problems remains a significant challenge. A major area of concern is safety. "Shielding" is a popular technique to enforce safety in RL by turning user-defined safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Alexander Politowicz , Sahisnu Mazumder , Bing Liu

Reinforcement learning algorithms discover policies that maximize reward, but do not necessarily guarantee safety during learning or execution phases. We introduce a new approach to learn optimal policies while enforcing properties…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-05 Mohammed Alshiekh , Roderick Bloem , Ruediger Ehlers , Bettina Könighofer , Scott Niekum , Ufuk Topcu

Tasks with complex temporal structures and long horizons pose a challenge for reinforcement learning agents due to the difficulty in specifying the tasks in terms of reward functions as well as large variances in the learning signals. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Xiao Li , Yao Ma , Calin Belta

The design and deployment of autonomous systems for space missions require robust solutions to navigate strict reliability constraints, extended operational duration, and communication challenges. This study evaluates the stability and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Henry Lei , Zachary S. Lippay , Anonto Zaman , Joshua Aurand , Amin Maghareh , Sean Phillips

Multi-agent hierarchical reinforcement learning (MAHRL) has been studied as an effective means to solve intelligent decision problems in complex and large-scale environments. However, most current MAHRL algorithms follow the traditional way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Chanjuan Liu , Jinmiao Cong , Bingcai Chen , Yaochu Jin , Enqiang Zhu

Designing rewards for autonomous cyber attack and defense learning agents in a complex, dynamic environment is a challenging task for subject matter experts. We propose a large language model (LLM)-based reward design approach to generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Sayak Mukherjee , Samrat Chatterjee , Emilie Purvine , Ted Fujimoto , Tegan Emerson

We investigate how formal temporal logic specifications can enhance the safety and robustness of reinforcement learning (RL) control in aerospace applications. Using the open source AeroBench F-16 simulation benchmark, we train a Proximal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hani Beirami , M M Manjurul Islam

Linear temporal logic (LTL) is a powerful language for task specification in reinforcement learning, as it allows describing objectives beyond the expressivity of conventional discounted return formulations. Nonetheless, recent works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Marco Bagatella , Andreas Krause , Georg Martius

In this paper, we demonstrate a Symbolic Reinforcement Learning (SRL) architecture for safe control in Radio Access Network (RAN) applications. In our automated tool, a user can select a high-level safety specifications expressed in Linear…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Alexandros Nikou , Anusha Mujumdar , Marin Orlic , Aneta Vulgarakis Feljan

Safe exploration is a common problem in reinforcement learning (RL) that aims to prevent agents from making disastrous decisions while exploring their environment. A family of approaches to this problem assume domain knowledge in the form…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Steven Carr , Nils Jansen , Sebastian Junges , Ufuk Topcu

This paper studies satisfaction of temporal properties on unknown stochastic processes that have continuous state spaces. We show how reinforcement learning (RL) can be applied for computing policies that are finite-memory and deterministic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-29 Milad Kazemi , Sadegh Soudjani

We present a computational framework for synthesis of distributed control strategies for a heterogeneous team of robots in a partially observable environment. The goal is to cooperatively satisfy specifications given as Truncated Linear…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-07 Ningyuan Zhang , Wenliang Liu , Calin Belta

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful framework for describing the complex temporal and logical behaviour of the dynamical system. Numerous studies have attempted to employ reinforcement learning to learn a controller that enforces STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Naman Saxena , Gorantla Sandeep , Pushpak Jagtap

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision-making tasks across diverse domains, yet its reliance on black-box neural architectures hinders interpretability, trust, and deployment in high-stakes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Zelei Cheng , Jiahao Yu , Xinyu Xing

In real-life scenarios, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent aiming to maximise their reward, must often also behave in a safe manner, including at training time. Thus, much attention in recent years has been given to Safe RL, where an agent…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-26 Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli , Alexander W. Goodall

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a viable solution for automating repetitive surgical subtasks due to its ability to learn complex behaviours in a dynamic environment. This task automation could lead to reduced surgeon's cognitive…

This paper studies the control synthesis of motion planning subject to uncertainties. The uncertainties are considered in robot motions and environment properties, giving rise to the probabilistic labeled Markov decision process (PL-MDP). A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Mingyu Cai , Shaoping Xiao , Zhijun Li , Zhen Kan