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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly produce natural language explanations, yet these explanations often lack faithfulness, and they do not reliably reflect the evidence the model uses to decide. We introduce FaithLM, a model-agnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Yu-Neng Chuang , Guanchu Wang , Chia-Yuan Chang , Ruixiang Tang , Shaochen Zhong , Fan Yang , Mengnan Du , Xuanting Cai , Vladimir Braverman , Xia Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities, enabling concise, context-aware answers in question answering (QA) tasks. The lack of transparency in complex LLMs has inspired extensive research aimed at developing methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yangyi Li , Mengdi Huai

Recent advancements in integrating large language models (LLMs) with tools have allowed the models to interact with real-world environments. However, these tool-augmented LLMs often encounter incomplete scenarios when users provide partial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Seungbin Yang , ChaeHun Park , Taehee Kim , Jaegul Choo

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across a spectrum of tasks in financial services, including report generation, chatbots, sentiment analysis, regulatory compliance, investment advisory, financial knowledge…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hariom Tatsat , Ariye Shater

Black-box large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in various environments, making it essential for these models to effectively convey their confidence and uncertainty, especially in high-stakes settings. However, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jeremy Qin , Bang Liu , Quoc Dinh Nguyen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been applied to automate cyber security activities and processes including cyber investigation and digital forensics. However, the use of such models for cyber investigation and digital forensics should…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jonathan Pan , Swee Liang Wong , Xin Wei Chia , Yidi Yuan

Can large language models introspect, that is, accurately detect perturbations to their own internal states? We systematically investigate this question using activation steering in Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct. First, we show that the binary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ely Hahami , Ishaan Sinha , Lavik Jain , Josh Kaplan , Jon Hahami

The remarkable performance of large language models (LLMs) in content generation, coding, and common-sense reasoning has spurred widespread integration into many facets of society. However, integration of LLMs raises valid questions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Ola Shorinwa , Zhiting Mei , Justin Lidard , Allen Z. Ren , Anirudha Majumdar

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential as tools to support an expanding range of decision-making tasks. Given their training on human (created) data, LLMs have been shown to inherit societal biases against protected…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jessica Echterhoff , Yao Liu , Abeer Alessa , Julian McAuley , Zexue He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Riccardo Cantini , Giada Cosenza , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate confident yet inaccurate responses, introducing significant risks for deployment in safety-critical domains. We present a novel, test-time approach to detecting model hallucination through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hazel Kim , Tom A. Lamb , Adel Bibi , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal

Robust alignment guardrails for large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly important with their widespread application. In contrast to previous studies, we demonstrate that inference-time activation interventions can bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Paul Darm , Annalisa Riccardi

Advances in the general capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have led to their use for information retrieval, and as components in automated decision systems. A faithful representation of probabilistic reasoning in these models may…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Gabriel Freedman , Francesca Toni

Human guidance in reinforcement learning (RL) is often impractical for large-scale applications due to high costs and time constraints. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative to mitigate RL sample inefficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Maryam Shoaeinaeini , Brent Harrison

Ensuring the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critical for real-world deployment. However, current safety measures often fail to address implicit, domain-specific risks. To investigate this gap, we introduce a dataset of 3,000…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Liang Shan , Kaicheng Shen , Wen Wu , Zhenyu Ying , Chaochao Lu , Yan Teng , Jingqi Huang , Guangze Ye , Guoqing Wang , Liang He

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

The advent of large language models marks a revolutionary breakthrough in artificial intelligence. With the unprecedented scale of training and model parameters, the capability of large language models has been dramatically improved,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Jin Chen , Zheng Liu , Xu Huang , Chenwang Wu , Qi Liu , Gangwei Jiang , Yuanhao Pu , Yuxuan Lei , Xiaolong Chen , Xingmei Wang , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in various intelligent tasks but still struggle with complex action reasoning tasks that require systematic search. To address this limitation, we propose a method that bridges the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Adam Ishay , Joohyung Lee

Universal healthcare access is critically needed, especially in resource-limited settings. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promise for democratizing healthcare with advanced diagnostics, but their reliability requires thorough…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Krishna Subedi

The explainability of recommendation systems is crucial for enhancing user trust and satisfaction. Leveraging large language models (LLMs) offers new opportunities for comprehensive recommendation logic generation. However, in existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Hongke Zhao , Songming Zheng , Likang Wu , Bowen Yu , Jing Wang