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The Expectation--Maximization (EM) algorithm is a simple meta-algorithm that has been used for many years as a methodology for statistical inference when there are missing measurements in the observed data or when the data is composed of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-15 Hideitsu Hino , Shotaro Akaho , Noboru Murata

Techniques for clustering student behaviour offer many opportunities to improve educational outcomes by providing insight into student learning. However, one important aspect of student behaviour, namely its evolution over time, can often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Jessica McBroom , Kalina Yacef , Irena Koprinska

This paper presents our approach for the engagement intensity regression task of EmotiW 2019. The task is to predict the engagement intensity value of a student when he or she is watching an online MOOCs video in various conditions. Based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Kai Wang , Jianfei Yang , Da Guo , Kaipeng Zhang , Xiaojiang Peng , Yu Qiao

Task engagement is defined as loadings on energetic arousal (affect), task motivation, and concentration (cognition). It is usually challenging and expensive to label cognitive state data, and traditional computational models trained with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-24 Feng Li , Guangfan Zhang , Wei Wang , Roger Xu , Tom Schnell , Jonathan Wen , Frederic McKenzie , Jiang Li

This paper presents an innovative online portfolio selection model, situated within a meta-learning framework, that leverages a mixture policies strategy. The core idea is to simulate a fund that employs multiple fund managers, each skilled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Jiayu Shen , Jia Liu , Zhiping Chen

Assignment methods are at the heart of many algorithms for unsupervised learning and clustering - in particular, the well-known K-means and Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms. In this work, we study several different methods of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Michael Kearns , Yishay Mansour , Andrew Y. Ng

With the development of information technology, the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the field of education shows great potential. This study aims to explore how to utilize K-means clustering algorithm to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Qianru Wei , Jihaoyu Yang , Cheng Zhang , Jinming Yang

This paper applies machine learning techniques to student modeling. It presents a method for discovering high-level student behaviors from a very large set of low-level traces corresponding to problem-solving actions in a learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-04-07 Vivien Robinet , Gilles Bisson , Mirta B. Gordon , Benoît Lemaire

The use of distributed optimization in machine learning can be motivated either by the resulting preservation of privacy or the increase in computational efficiency. On the one hand, training data might be stored across multiple devices.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-26 Vassilios Yfantis , Achim Wagner , Martin Ruskowski

We present a demonstration of REACT, a new Real-time Educational AI-powered Classroom Tool that employs EDM techniques for supporting the decision-making process of educators. REACT is a data-driven tool with a user-friendly graphical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Ajay Kulkarni , Olga Gkountouna

Enrollment projection is a critical aspect of university management, guiding decisions related to resource allocation and revenue forecasting. However, despite its importance, there remains a lack of transparency regarding the methodologies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yan Zhao , Amy Otteson

Digital platforms enable the observation of learning behaviors through fine-grained log traces, offering more detailed clues for analysis. In addition to previous descriptive and predictive log analysis, this study aims to simultaneously…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Chen Qiao , Xiao Hu

The interest in predicting online learning performance using ML algorithms has been steadily increasing. We first conducted a scientometric analysis to provide a systematic review of research in this area. The findings show that most…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Jin Yuan , Xuelan Qiu , Jinran Wu , Jiesi Guo , Weide Li , You-Gan Wang

Expectation maximisation (EM) is usually thought of as an unsupervised learning method for estimating the parameters of a mixture distribution, however it can also be used for supervised learning when class labels are available. As such, EM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Graham W. Pulford

Medical data often exhibit characteristics that make cluster analysis particularly challenging, such as missing values, outliers, and cluster features like skewness. Typically, such data would need to be preprocessed -- by cleaning outliers…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-16 Jason Pillay , Cristina Tortora , Antonio Punzo , Andriette Bekker

Most prior work on active learning of classifiers has focused on sequentially selecting one unlabeled example at a time to be labeled in order to reduce the overall labeling effort. In many scenarios, however, it is desirable to label an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Javad Azimi , Alan Fern , Xiaoli Zhang-Fern , Glencora Borradaile , Brent Heeringa

The Expectation-Maximization algorithm is perhaps the most broadly used algorithm for inference of latent variable problems. A theoretical understanding of its performance, however, largely remains lacking. Recent results established that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-30 Jeongyeol Kwon , Wei Qian , Constantine Caramanis , Yudong Chen , Damek Davis

The stochastic blockmodel (SBM) models the connectivity within and between disjoint subsets of nodes in networks. Prior work demonstrated that the rows of an SBM's adjacency spectral embedding (ASE) and Laplacian spectral embedding (LSE)…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-04 Zachary M. Pisano , Joshua S. Agterberg , Carey E. Priebe , Daniel Q. Naiman

Initialisation of the EM algorithm in model-based clustering is often crucial. Various starting points in the parameter space often lead to different local maxima of the likelihood function and, so to different clustering partitions. Among…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-28 Luca Scrucca , Adrian E. Raftery

Latent class model (LCM), which is a finite mixture of different categorical distributions, is one of the most widely used models in statistics and machine learning fields. Because of its non-continuous nature and the flexibility in shape,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-23 Hao Chen , Lanshan Han , Alvin Lim