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Recent advances in LLM-based decompilers have been shown effective to convert low-level binaries into human-readable source code. However, there still lacks a comprehensive benchmark that provides large-scale binary-source function pairs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hanzhuo Tan , Xiaolong Tian , Hanrui Qi , Jiaming Liu , Zuchen Gao , Siyi Wang , Qi Luo , Jing Li , Yuqun Zhang

Binary decompilation plays an important role in software security analysis, reverse engineering, and malware understanding when source code is unavailable. However, existing decompilation techniques often fail to produce source code that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xiaohan Wang , Yuxin Hu , Kevin Leach

Binary decompilation is a critical reverse engineering task aimed at reconstructing high-level source code from stripped executables. Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown promise, they often suffer from "logical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Qiang Zhang , Zhongnian Li

Code decompilation analysis is a fundamental yet challenging task in malware reverse engineering, particularly due to the pervasive use of sophisticated obfuscation techniques. Although recent large language models (LLMs) have shown promise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Tochukwu Emmanuel Nwankwo , Parisa Hamedi , Mohammad Meymani , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali A. Ghorbani

Decompilation is widely used in reverse engineering to recover high-level language code from binary executables. While recent approaches leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising progress, they typically treat assembly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yongpan Wang , Xin Xu , Xiaojie Zhu , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

As one of the key tools in many security tasks, decompilers reconstruct human-readable source code from binaries. Yet, despite recent advances, their outputs often suffer from syntactic and semantic errors and remain difficult to read.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Muqi Zou , Hongyu Cai , Hongwei Wu , Zion Leonahenahe Basque , Arslan Khan , Berkay Celik , Dave , Tian , Antonio Bianchi , Ruoyu , Wang , Dongyan Xu

The parallel evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) with advanced code-understanding capabilities and the increasing sophistication of malware presents a new frontier for cybersecurity research. This paper evaluates the efficacy of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Aniesh Chawla , Udbhav Prasad

Security experts reverse engineer (decompile) binary code to identify critical security vulnerabilities. The limited access to source code in vital systems - such as firmware, drivers, and proprietary software used in Critical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dylan Manuel , Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Ana Nunez , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a variety of software engineering and coding tasks. However, their application in the domain of code and compiler optimization remains underexplored. Training…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Chris Cummins , Volker Seeker , Dejan Grubisic , Baptiste Roziere , Jonas Gehring , Gabriel Synnaeve , Hugh Leather

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising approach for binary decompilation. However, the existing LLM-based decompilers still are somewhat limited in effectively presenting a program's source-level structure with its…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Hanzhuo Tan , Weihao Li , Xiaolong Tian , Siyi Wang , Jiaming Liu , Jing Li , Yuqun Zhang

A C decompiler converts an executable into source code. The recovered C source code, once re-compiled, is expected to produce an executable with the same functionality as the original executable. With over twenty years of development, C…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Wai Kin Wong , Huaijin Wang , Zongjie Li , Zhibo Liu , Shuai Wang , Qiyi Tang , Sen Nie , Shi Wu

Binary code summarization, while invaluable for understanding code semantics, is challenging due to its labor-intensive nature. This study delves into the potential of large language models (LLMs) for binary code comprehension. To this end,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Xin Jin , Jonathan Larson , Weiwei Yang , Zhiqiang Lin

Translating machine code into human-readable high-level languages is an open research problem in reverse engineering. Despite recent advancements in LLM-based decompilation to C, modern languages like Dart and Swift are unexplored. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Raafat Abualazm , Ayman Abo Elhassan

Binary code analysis plays a pivotal role in the field of software security and is widely used in tasks such as software maintenance, malware detection, software vulnerability discovery, patch analysis, etc. However, unlike source code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xiuwei Shang , Zhenkan Fu , Shaoyin Cheng , Guoqiang Chen , Gangyang Li , Li Hu , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

The software compilation process has a tendency to obscure the original design of the system and makes it difficult both to identify individual components and discern their purpose simply by examining the resulting binary code. Although…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Sima Arasteh , Pegah Jandaghi , Nicolaas Weideman , Dennis Perepech , Mukund Raghothaman , Christophe Hauser , Luis Garcia

Reverse engineering binaries is required to understand and analyse programs for which the source code is unavailable. Decompilers can transform the largely unreadable binaries into a more readable source code-like representation. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Ali Al-Kaswan , Toufique Ahmed , Maliheh Izadi , Anand Ashok Sawant , Premkumar Devanbu , Arie van Deursen

Binary code analysis plays a pivotal role in various software security applications, such as software maintenance, malware detection, software vulnerability discovery, patch analysis, etc. However, unlike source code, understanding binary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Xiuwei Shang , Shaoyin Cheng , Guoqiang Chen , Yanming Zhang , Li Hu , Xiao Yu , Gangyang Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Deobfuscating binary code remains a fundamental challenge in reverse engineering, as obfuscation is widely used to hinder analysis and conceal program logic. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in recovering semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Li Hu , Xiuwei Shang , Jieke Shi , Shaoyin Cheng , Junqi Zhang , Gangyang Li , Zhou Yang , Weiming Zhang , David Lo

Decompilation -- recovering source code from compiled binaries -- is essential for security analysis, malware reverse engineering, and legacy software maintenance. However, existing decompilers produce code that often fails to compile or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yifan Zhang , Xiaohan Wang , Yueke Zhang , Yu Huang , Kevin Leach

Binary decompilation aims to recover binaries into high-level source code, but existing evaluations mainly rely on syntactic similarity or single-axis readability metrics, which fail to capture practical reusability. We propose a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Puzhuo Liu , Yuhan Huang , Jianlei Chi , Peng Di , Yu Jiang
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