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As a front-burner problem in incremental learning, class incremental semantic segmentation (CISS) is plagued by catastrophic forgetting and semantic drift. Although recent methods have utilized knowledge distillation to transfer knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Danpei Zhao , Bo Yuan , Zhenwei Shi

Multi-modal class-incremental learning (MMCIL) seeks to leverage multi-modal data, such as audio-visual and image-text pairs, thereby enabling models to learn continuously across a sequence of tasks while mitigating forgetting. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xianghu Yue , Yiming Chen , Xueyi Zhang , Xiaoxue Gao , Mengling Feng , Mingrui Lao , Huiping Zhuang , Haizhou Li

Class Incremental Learning (CIL) requires models to continuously learn new classes without forgetting previously learned ones, while maintaining stable performance across all possible class sequences. In real-world settings, the order in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Guannan Lai , Da-Wei Zhou , Xin Yang , Han-Jia Ye

Class incremental learning (CIL) requires an agent to learn distinct tasks consecutively with knowledge retention against forgetting. Problems impeding the practical applications of CIL methods are twofold: (1) non-i.i.d batch streams and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Junda Wang , Minghui Hu , Ning Li , Abdulaziz Al-Ali , Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan

Long-tail class incremental learning (LT CIL) remains highly challenging because the scarcity of samples in tail classes not only hampers their learning but also exacerbates catastrophic forgetting under continuously evolving and imbalanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xi Wang , Xu Yang , Donghao Sun , Cheng Deng

Class incremental learning (CIL) algorithms aim to continually learn new object classes from incrementally arriving data while not forgetting past learned classes. The common evaluation protocol for CIL algorithms is to measure the average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Sungmin Cha , Jihwan Kwak , Dongsub Shim , Hyunwoo Kim , Moontae Lee , Honglak Lee , Taesup Moon

Domain-Incremental Learning (DIL) enables vision models to adapt to changing conditions in real-world environments while maintaining the knowledge acquired from previous domains. Given privacy concerns and training time, Rehearsal-Free DIL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Qiang Wang , Yuhang He , SongLin Dong , Xiang Song , Jizhou Han , Haoyu Luo , Yihong Gong

Class-incremental learning of deep networks sequentially increases the number of classes to be classified. During training, the network has only access to data of one task at a time, where each task contains several classes. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Lu Yu , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Xialei Liu , Luis Herranz , Kai Wang , Yongmei Cheng , Shangling Jui , Joost van de Weijer

Continual learning aims to provide intelligent agents that are capable of learning continually a sequence of tasks, building on previously learned knowledge. A key challenge in this learning paradigm is catastrophically forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Ghada Sokar , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Federated Class Incremental Learning (FCIL) aims to collaboratively process continuously increasing incoming tasks across multiple clients. Among various approaches, data replay has become a promising solution, which can alleviate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Zhuang Qi , Ying-Peng Tang , Lei Meng , Han Yu , Xiaoxiao Li , Xiangxu Meng

In class-incremental learning (class-IL), models must classify all previously seen classes at test time without task-IDs, leading to task confusion. Despite being a key challenge, task confusion lacks a theoretical understanding. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Milad Khademi Nori , Il-Min Kim

In the field of class incremental learning (CIL), generative replay has become increasingly prominent as a method to mitigate the catastrophic forgetting, alongside the continuous improvements in generative models. However, its application…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Junsu Kim , Hoseong Cho , Jihyeon Kim , Yihalem Yimolal Tiruneh , Seungryul Baek

Incremental learning remains a critical challenge in machine learning, as models often struggle with catastrophic forgetting -the tendency to lose previously acquired knowledge when learning new information. These challenges are even more…

We introduce a practical Domain Adaptation (DA) paradigm called Class-Incremental Domain Adaptation (CIDA). Existing DA methods tackle domain-shift but are unsuitable for learning novel target-domain classes. Meanwhile, class-incremental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Jogendra Nath Kundu , Rahul Mysore Venkatesh , Naveen Venkat , Ambareesh Revanur , R. Venkatesh Babu

With the widespread adoption of deep learning in visual tasks, Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) has become an important paradigm for handling dynamically evolving data distributions. However, CIL faces the core challenge of catastrophic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jinge Ma , Fengqing Zhu

Few-shot class-incremental learning (FSCIL) is challenging due to extremely limited training data while requiring models to acquire new knowledge without catastrophic forgetting. Recent works have explored generative models, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junsu Kim , Yunhoe Ku , Dongyoon Han , Seungryul Baek

Domain-Incremental Learning (DIL) focuses on continual learning in non-stationary environments, requiring models to adjust to evolving domains while preserving historical knowledge. DIL faces two critical challenges in the context of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Lan Li , Da-Wei Zhou , Han-Jia Ye , De-Chuan Zhan

For most real-world applications, robots need to adapt and learn continually with limited data in their environments. In this paper, we consider the problem of Few-Shot class Incremental Learning (FSIL), in which an AI agent is required to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Ali Ayub , Alan R. Wagner

Incremental learning requires a model to continually learn new tasks from streaming data. However, traditional fine-tuning of a well-trained deep neural network on a new task will dramatically degrade performance on the old task -- a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Can Peng , Kun Zhao , Sam Maksoud , Meng Li , Brian C. Lovell

Deep learning models are prone to forgetting information learned in the past when trained on new data. This problem becomes even more pronounced in the context of federated learning (FL), where data is decentralized and subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Sara Babakniya , Zalan Fabian , Chaoyang He , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Salman Avestimehr