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As mobile devices are becoming ubiquitous, regularly interacting with a variety of user interfaces (UIs) is a common aspect of daily life for many people. To improve the accessibility of these devices and to enable their usage in a variety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Zecheng He , Srinivas Sunkara , Xiaoxue Zang , Ying Xu , Lijuan Liu , Nevan Wichers , Gabriel Schubiner , Ruby Lee , Jindong Chen , Blaise Agüera y Arcas

Sometimes the meaning conveyed by images goes beyond the list of objects they contain; instead, images may express a powerful message to affect the viewers' minds. Inferring this message requires reasoning about the relationships between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Nasrin Kalanat , Adriana Kovashka

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on the UI-to-code task, which aims to generate UI code from design mock-ups. However, when applied to long and complex websites, they often struggle with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jingyu Xiao , Jiantong Qin , Shuoqi Li , Man Ho Lam , Yuxuan Wan , Jen-tse Huang , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Understanding user interface (UI) functionality is a useful yet challenging task for both machines and people. In this paper, we investigate a machine learning approach for screen correspondence, which allows reasoning about UIs by mapping…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Jason Wu , Amanda Swearngin , Xiaoyi Zhang , Jeffrey Nichols , Jeffrey P. Bigham

State-of-the-art text spotting systems typically aim to detect isolated words or word-by-word text in images of natural scenes and ignore the semantic coherence within a region of text. However, when interpreted together, seemingly isolated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Yi Zheng , Qitong Wang , Margrit Betke

This paper proposes a method for automatic GUI component detection for the IBM i system (formerly and still more commonly known as AS/400). We introduce a human-annotated dataset consisting of 1,050 system screen images, in which 381 images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Thanh Tran , Son T. Luu , Quan Bui , Shoshin Nomura

Traditional clustering methods aim to group unlabeled data points based on their similarity to each other. However, clustering, in the absence of additional information, is an ill-posed problem as there may be many different, yet equally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bingchen Zhao , Oisin Mac Aodha

Detecting semantic parts of an object is a challenging task in computer vision, particularly because it is hard to construct large annotated datasets due to the difficulty of annotating semantic parts. In this paper we present an approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Yutong Bai , Qing Liu , Lingxi Xie , Weichao Qiu , Yan Zheng , Alan Yuille

Automatically constructing GUI groups of different granularities constitutes a critical intelligent step towards automating GUI design and implementation tasks. Specifically, in the industrial GUI-to-code process, fragmented layers may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yunnong Chen , Shuhong Xiao , Jiazhi Li , Tingting Zhou , Yanfang Chang , Yankun Zhen , Lingyun Sun , Liuqing Chen

We present a framework for efficient perceptual inference that explicitly reasons about the segmentation of its inputs and features. Rather than being trained for any specific segmentation, our framework learns the grouping process in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Klaus Greff , Antti Rasmus , Mathias Berglund , Tele Hotloo Hao , Jürgen Schmidhuber , Harri Valpola

User Interface (UI) understanding has been an increasingly popular topic over the last few years. So far, there has been a vast focus solely on web and mobile applications. In this paper, we introduce the harder task of computer UI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Andrés Muñoz , Daniel Borrajo

Semantic information has been proved effective in scene text recognition. Most existing methods tend to couple both visual and semantic information in an attention-based decoder. As a result, the learning of semantic features is prone to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Changxu Cheng , Bohan Li , Qi Zheng , Yongpan Wang , Wenyu Liu

Perceiving vehicles in a driver's blind spot is vital for safe driving. The detection of potentially dangerous vehicles in these blind spots can benefit from vehicular network semantic communication technology. However, efficient semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Hao Feng , Yi Yang , Zhu Han

Recent works have made great progress in semantic segmentation by exploiting contextual information in a local or global manner with dilated convolutions, pyramid pooling or self-attention mechanism. In order to avoid potential misleading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Hanzhe Hu , Deyi Ji , Weihao Gan , Shuai Bai , Wei Wu , Junjie Yan

Unsupervised semantic segmentation aims to discover groupings within and across images that capture object and view-invariance of a category without external supervision. Grouping naturally has levels of granularity, creating ambiguity in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tsung-Wei Ke , Jyh-Jing Hwang , Yunhui Guo , Xudong Wang , Stella X. Yu

Websites are critical in today's digital world, with over 1.11 billion currently active and approximately 252,000 new sites launched daily. Converting website layout design into functional UI code is a time-consuming yet indispensable step…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yuxuan Wan , Chaozheng Wang , Yi Dong , Wenxuan Wang , Shuqing Li , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Existing Graphical User Interface (GUI) reasoning tasks remain challenging, particularly in UI understanding. Current methods typically rely on direct screen-based decision-making, which lacks interpretability and overlooks a comprehensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Songze Li , Xiaoke Guo , Tianqi Liu , Biao Yi , Zhaoyan Gong , Zhiqiang Liu , Huajun Chen , Wen Zhang

Extracting semantic representations from mobile user interfaces (UI) and using the representations for designers' decision-making processes have shown the potential to be effective computational design support tools. Current approaches rely…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Seokhyeon Park , Wonjae Kim , Young-Ho Kim , Jinwook Seo

In this work we aim to develop a universal sketch grouper. That is, a grouper that can be applied to sketches of any category in any domain to group constituent strokes/segments into semantically meaningful object parts. The first obstacle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Ke Li , Kaiyue Pang , Jifei Song , Yi-Zhe Song , Tao Xiang , Timothy M. Hospedales , Honggang Zhang

Automated understanding of user interfaces (UIs) from their pixels can improve accessibility, enable task automation, and facilitate interface design without relying on developers to comprehensively provide metadata. A first step is to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Jason Wu , Xiaoyi Zhang , Jeff Nichols , Jeffrey P. Bigham