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Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have introduced an intermediate "thinking" process prior to generating final answers, improving their reasoning capabilities on complex downstream tasks. However, the potential of LRMs as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Runzhe Zhan , Zhihong Huang , Xinyi Yang , Lidia S. Chao , Min Yang , Derek F. Wong

Recently, the evaluation of Large Language Models has emerged as a popular area of research. The three crucial questions for LLM evaluation are ``what, where, and how to evaluate''. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the first…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yue Zhang , Ming Zhang , Haipeng Yuan , Shichun Liu , Yongyao Shi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models offer a scalable alternative to human coding for data annotation tasks, enabling the scale-up of research across data-intensive domains. While LLMs are already achieving near-human accuracy on objective annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhen Xu , Vedant Khatri , Yijun Dai , Xiner Liu , Siyan Li , Xuanming Zhang , Renzhe Yu

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Serendipity plays a pivotal role in enhancing user satisfaction within recommender systems, yet its evaluation poses significant challenges due to its inherently subjective nature and conceptual ambiguity. Current algorithmic approaches…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Li Kang , Yuhan Zhao , Li Chen

Low-resource languages face significant challenges due to the lack of sufficient linguistic data, resources, and tools for tasks such as supervised learning, annotation, and classification. This shortage hinders the development of accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Suramya Jadhav , Abhay Shanbhag , Amogh Thakurdesai , Ridhima Sinare , Raviraj Joshi

This paper investigates the automation of qualitative data analysis, focusing on inductive coding using large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional approaches that rely on deductive methods with predefined labels, this research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Andreas Marfurt , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

Evaluating the quality of arguments is a crucial aspect of any system leveraging argument mining. However, it is a challenge to obtain reliable and consistent annotations regarding argument quality, as this usually requires domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nailia Mirzakhmedova , Marcel Gohsen , Chia Hao Chang , Benno Stein

A brief, fluent, and relevant summary can be helpful during program comprehension; however, such a summary does require significant human effort to produce. Often, good summaries are unavailable in software projects, which makes maintenance…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuvraj Virk , Premkumar Devanbu , Toufique Ahmed

Human-annotated labels and explanations are critical for training explainable NLP models. However, unlike human-annotated labels whose quality is easier to calibrate (e.g., with a majority vote), human-crafted free-form explanations can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Bingsheng Yao , Prithviraj Sen , Lucian Popa , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators for natural language generation, applying human-defined rubrics to assess system outputs. However, human rubrics are often static and misaligned with how models internally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Clemencia Siro , Pourya Aliannejadi , Mohammad Aliannejadi

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into business process management tools promises to democratize Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) modeling for non-experts. While automated frameworks assess syntactic and semantic quality,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Chantale Lauer , Peter Pfeiffer , Nijat Mehdiyev

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to evaluate natural language generation tasks as automated metrics. However, the likelihood, a measure of LLM's plausibility for a sentence, can vary due to superficial differences in sentences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Masanari Oi , Masahiro Kaneko , Ryuto Koike , Mengsay Loem , Naoaki Okazaki

Large language models demonstrate limited capability in proficiency-controlled sentence simplification, particularly when simplifying across large readability levels. We propose a framework that decomposes complex simplifications into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jingshen Zhang , Xin Ying Qiu , Lifang Lu , Zhuhua Huang , Yutao Hu , Yuechang Wu , JunYu Lu

Plain language summaries (PLSs) are essential for facilitating effective communication between clinicians and patients by making complex medical information easier for laypeople to understand and act upon. Large language models (LLMs) have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yue Guo , Jae Ho Sohn , Gondy Leroy , Trevor Cohen

Many evaluations of large language models (LLMs) in text annotation focus primarily on the correctness of the output, typically comparing model-generated labels to human-annotated ``ground truth'' using standard performance metrics. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaman He , Zikang Leng , Dana McKay , Damiano Spina , Johanne R. Trippas

Training learnable metrics using modern language models has recently emerged as a promising method for the automatic evaluation of machine translation. However, existing human evaluation datasets for text simplification have limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Mounica Maddela , Yao Dou , David Heineman , Wei Xu

Evaluating the quality of machine-generated natural language content is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Recently, large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have been employed for this purpose, but they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Daniil Larionov , Steffen Eger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential for offensive language detection, yet their ability to handle annotation disagreement remains underexplored. Disagreement samples, which arise from subjective interpretations, pose a unique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyu Lu , Kai Ma , Kaichun Wang , Kelaiti Xiao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Bo Xu , Liang Yang , Hongfei Lin

This paper explores the potential of using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the evaluation of responses in medical Question and Answer (Q\&A) systems, a crucial form of Natural Language Processing. Traditionally, human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jack Krolik , Herprit Mahal , Feroz Ahmad , Gaurav Trivedi , Bahador Saket
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