Related papers: A Simple QUBO Formulation of Sudoku
The broad applicability of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) constitutes a general-purpose modeling framework for combinatorial optimization problems and are a required format for gate array and quantum annealing computers.…
Annealing machines specialized for combinatorial optimization problems have been developed, and some companies offer services to use those machines. Such specialized machines can only handle binary variables, and their input format is the…
Solving Sudoku puzzles is one of the most popular pastimes in the world. Puzzles range in difficulty from easy to very challenging; the hardest puzzles tend to have the most empty cells. The current paper explains and compares three…
In the field of quantum computing, combinatorial optimization problems are typically addressed using QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) solvers. However, these solvers are often insufficient for tackling higher-order…
In finance, assessing the creditworthiness of loan applicants requires lenders to cluster borrowers using rating scales. Financial institutions must define the scales in compliance with strict institutional constraints, resulting in solving…
In this paper we present a novel strategy to solve optimization problems within a hybrid quantum-classical scheme based on quantum annealing, with a particular focus on QUBO problems. The proposed algorithm is based on an iterative…
Several combinatorial optimization problems can be solved with NISQ devices once that a corresponding quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form is derived. The aim of this work is to drastically reduce the variables needed for…
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) provides problem formulations for various computational problems that can be solved with dedicated QUBO solvers, which can be based on classical or quantum computation. A common approach to…
Quantum approaches to combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are often limited by the resource demands of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) encodings, which enlarge circuits through penalty terms and increase qubit and…
We introduce a novel Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulation method for spanning tree problems. Instead of encoding the presence of edges in the tree individually, we opt to encode spanning trees as a permutation…
We investigate a type of a Sudoku variant called Sudo-Kurve, which allows bent rows and columns, and develop a new, yet equivalent, variant we call a Sudo-Cube. We examine the total number of distinct solution grids for this type with or…
This paper presents a new method to reduce the optimization of a pseudo-Boolean function to QUBO problem which can be solved by quantum annealer. The new method has two aspects, one is coefficient optimization and the other is variable…
Quantum and quantum-inspired optimisation algorithms are designed to solve problems represented in binary, quadratic and unconstrained form. Combinatorial optimisation problems are therefore often formulated as Quadratic Unconstrained…
Quantum Annealing (QA) can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems whose objective functions are represented by Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) formulations. For broader applicability of QA, quadratization…
Optimisation algorithms designed to work on quantum computers or other specialised hardware have been of research interest in recent years. Many of these solver can only optimise problems that are in binary and quadratic form. Quadratic…
A quadratic binary unconstrained optimization model, hereafter QUBO, by definition is unconstrained. This, however, is not ideal if one needs to select a model containing only a fixed size binary vector. In this work we show how to add a…
The quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem arises in diverse optimization applications ranging from Ising spin problems to classical problems in graph theory and binary discrete optimization. The use of preprocessing to…
Quantum annealers provide an effective framework for solving large-scale combinatorial optimization problems. This work presents a novel methodology for training Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) by reformulating the parameter…
Quantum annealers offer a promising approach to solve Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems, which have a wide range of applications. However, when a user submits its QUBO problem to a third-party quantum annealer, the…
Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the mathematical formalism for phrasing and solving a class of optimization problems that are combinatorial in nature. Due to their natural equivalence with the two dimensional Ising…