Related papers: Are prime numbers and quadratic residues random?
This work considers the notion of random tensors and reviews some fundamental concepts in statistics when applied to a tensor based data or signal. In several engineering fields such as Communications, Signal Processing, Machine learning,…
We use entropy to link fine-structure constant and cosmological constant. We also link nuclear force and gravity. We step on the fundamentals of consciousness for this new millennium with a scientific approach. Statistical and quantum…
Currently there is no known efficient formula for primes. Besides that, prime numbers have great importance in e.g., information technology such as public-key cryptography, and their position and possible or impossible functional generation…
An updated review [1] of nonextensive statistical mechanics and thermodynamics is colloquially presented. Quite naturally the possibility emerges for using the value of q-1 (entropic nonextensivity) as a simple and efficient manner to…
This work is meant to demonstrate new class of prime numbers -- cyclic prime numbers, that can be derived from any prime number at certain numeric systems. Cyclic prime numbers are also related to the cyclic numbers and full reptend prime…
Pairs of numerically computed trajectories of a chaotic system may coalesce because of finite arithmetic precision. We analyse an example of this phenomenon, showing that it occurs surprisingly frequently. We argue that our model belongs to…
We present a quantum version of the classical probabilistic algorithms $\grave{a}$ la Rabin. The quantum algorithm is based on the essential use of Grover's operator for the quantum search of a database and of Shor's Fourier transform for…
We consider the topology of simplicial complexes with vertices the points of a random point process and faces determined by distance relationships between the vertices. In particular, we study the Betti numbers of these complexes as the…
We reveal a natural algebraic problem whose complexity appears to interpolate between the well-known complexity classes BQP and NP: (*) Decide whether a univariate polynomial with exactly m monomial terms has a p-adic rational root. In…
Quantum superposition, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, enables systems to exist in multiple states simultaneously, giving rise to probabilistic outcomes. In quantum information science, conditional entropy has become a key metric for…
The interest in orthogonal polynomials and random Fourier series in numerous branches of science and a few studies on random Fourier series in orthogonal polynomials inspired us to focus on random Fourier series in Jacobi polynomials. In…
A different general philosophy, to be called Full Randomness (FR), for the analysis of random effects models is presented, involving a notion of reducing or preferably eliminating fixed effects, at least formally. For example, under FR…
A randomised trapezoidal quadrature rule is proposed for continuous functions which enjoys less regularity than commonly required. Indeed, we consider functions in some fractional Sobolev space. Various error bounds for this randomised rule…
Boltzmann's struggle with a derivation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics is sketched. So is his first derivation of the connection between entropy and probability in 1877. Planck's derivation and quantum mechanical modifications of…
We consider the multi-parameter random simplicial complex as a higher dimensional extension of the classical Erd\"os-R\'enyi graph. We investigate appearance of "unusual" topological structures in the complex from the point of view of large…
In this expository paper we describe four primality tests. The first test is very efficient, but is only capable of proving that a given number is either composite or 'very probably' prime. The second test is a deterministic polynomial time…
We introduce an axiomatic approach to entropies and relative entropies that relies only on minimal information-theoretic axioms, namely monotonicity under mixing and data-processing as well as additivity for product distributions. We find…
A study of certain Hamiltonian systems has lead Y. Long to conjecture the existence of infinitely many primes of the form $p=2[\alpha n]+1$, where $1<\alpha<2$ is a fixed irrational number. An argument of P. Ribenboim coupled with classical…
Random probabilities are a key component to many nonparametric methods in Statistics and Machine Learning. To quantify comparisons between different laws of random probabilities several works are starting to use the elegant Wasserstein over…
Consider Plurality with random tie-breaking. This paper uses standard axiomatic extensions of preferences over elements to preferences over sets (Kelly, Gardenfors, Responsiveness) to characterize all better-replies of a voter under…