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Despite the impressive performance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems, their robustness remains elusive and constitutes a key issue that impedes large-scale adoption. Robustness has been studied in many domains of AI, yet with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Andrea Tocchetti , Lorenzo Corti , Agathe Balayn , Mireia Yurrita , Philip Lippmann , Marco Brambilla , Jie Yang

Rankings play a crucial role in decision-making. However, if minor changes to items significantly alter their rankings, the quality of the decisions being made can be compromised. The stability of ranking is a measure used to assess how…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Felix S. Campbell , Yuval Moskovitch

In web search, mutual influences between documents have been studied from the perspective of search result diversification. But the methods in web search is not directly applicable to e-commerce search because of their differences. And…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Tao Zhuang , Wenwu Ou , Zhirong Wang

Search is a prominent channel for discovering products on an e-commerce platform. Ranking products retrieved from search becomes crucial to address customer's need and optimize for business metrics. While learning to Rank (LETOR) models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Siddhartha Devapujula , Sagar Arora , Sumit Borar

This paper evaluates the robustness of learning from implicit feedback in web search. In particular, we create a model of user behavior by drawing upon user studies in laboratory and real-world settings. The model is used to understand the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Filip Radlinski , Thorsten Joachims

Ranking, recommendation, and retrieval systems are widely used in online platforms and other societal systems, including e-commerce, media-streaming, admissions, gig platforms, and hiring. In the recent past, a large "fair ranking" research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Gourab K Patro , Lorenzo Porcaro , Laura Mitchell , Qiuyue Zhang , Meike Zehlike , Nikhil Garg

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a promising cornerstone for the development of natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, ensuring the robustness of LLMs remains a critical challenge. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Pankaj Kumar , Subhankar Mishra

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed as the core reasoning engine for web-facing systems, powering GUI agents and front-end automation that must interpret page structure, select actionable widgets, and execute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Junliang Liu , Jingyu Xiao , Wenxin Tang , Zhixian Wang , Zipeng Xie , Wenxuan Wang , Minrui Zhang , Shuanghe Yu

Robustness is of central importance in machine learning and has given rise to the fields of domain generalization and invariant learning, which are concerned with improving performance on a test distribution distinct from but related to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Robert Adragna , Elliot Creager , David Madras , Richard Zemel

Semantic retrieval (also known as dense retrieval) based on textual data has been extensively studied for both web search and product search application fields, where the relevance of a query and a potential target document is computed by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Dong Liu , Esther Lopez Ramos

Sequential Recommender Systems (SRSs) are widely employed to model user behavior over time. However, their robustness in the face of perturbations in training data remains a largely understudied yet critical issue. A fundamental challenge…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Filippo Betello , Federico Siciliano , Pushkar Mishra , Fabrizio Silvestri

Accurate query-product relevance labeling is indispensable to generate ground truth dataset for search ranking in e-commerce. Traditional approaches for annotating query-product pairs rely on human-based labeling services, which is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Jayant Sachdev , Sean D Rosario , Abhijeet Phatak , He Wen , Swati Kirti , Chittaranjan Tripathy

Confronted with the challenge of identifying the most suitable metric to validate the merits of newly proposed models, the decision-making process is anything but straightforward. Given that comparing rankings introduces its own set of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Chiara Balestra , Andreas Mayr , Emmanuel Müller

In safety-critical deep learning applications, robustness measures the ability of neural models that handle imperceptible perturbations in input data, which may lead to potential safety hazards. Existing pre-deployment robustness assessment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenchuan Mu , Kwan Hui Lim

The ranking problem is to order a collection of units by some unobserved parameter, based on observations from the associated distribution. This problem arises naturally in a number of contexts, such as business, where we may want to rank…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Toby Kenney

In e-commerce, a user tends to search for the desired product by issuing a query to the search engine and examining the retrieved results. If the search engine was successful in correctly understanding the user's query, it will return…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-26 Saurav Manchanda , Mohit Sharma , George Karypis

Information Retrieval (IR) systems are exposed to constant changes in most components. Documents are created, updated, or deleted, the information needs are changing, and even relevance might not be static. While it is generally expected…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jüri Keller , Timo Breuer , Philipp Schaer

Large language models (LLMs) often present answers with high apparent confidence despite lacking an explicit mechanism for reasoning about certainty or truth. While existing benchmarks primarily evaluate single-turn accuracy, truthfulness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Mohammadreza Saadat , Steve Nemzer

Robust Trust Reputation Systems (TRS) provide a most trustful reputation score for a specific product or service so as to support relying parties taking the right decision while interacting with an e-commerce application. Thus, TRS must…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-05-14 Hasnae Rahimi , Hanan EL Bakkali

This paper proposes a strategy to assess the robustness of different machine learning models that involve natural language processing (NLP). The overall approach relies upon a Search and Semantically Replace strategy that consists of two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Rahul Singh , Karan Jindal , Yufei Yu , Hanyu Yang , Tarun Joshi , Matthew A. Campbell , Wayne B. Shoumaker