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Related papers: Mastering Memory Tasks with World Models

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Large Language Models (LLMs) can serve as world models to enhance agent decision-making in digital environments by simulating future states and predicting action outcomes, potentially eliminating costly trial-and-error exploration. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Kai Mei , Jiang Guo , Shuaichen Chang , Mingwen Dong , Dongkyu Lee , Xing Niu , Jiarong Jiang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for solving challenging robotic tasks, even in the presence of action and observation uncertainties. Recent LLM-based decision-making methods (also referred to as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Abhinav Jain , Chris Jermaine , Vaibhav Unhelkar

Memory-augmented LLM agents enable interactions that extend beyond finite context windows by storing, updating, and reusing information across sessions. However, training such agents with reinforcement learning in multi-session environments…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Sikuan Yan , Ahmed Bahloul , Ercong Nie , Susanna Schwarzmann , Riccardo Trivisonno , Volker Tresp , Yunpu Ma

Learned world models summarize an agent's experience to facilitate learning complex behaviors. While learning world models from high-dimensional sensory inputs is becoming feasible through deep learning, there are many potential ways for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Danijar Hafner , Timothy Lillicrap , Jimmy Ba , Mohammad Norouzi

Lifelong learning aims to create AI systems that continuously and incrementally learn during a lifetime, similar to biological learning. Attempts so far have met problems, including catastrophic forgetting, interference among tasks, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Eseoghene Ben-Iwhiwhu , Saptarshi Nath , Praveen K. Pilly , Soheil Kolouri , Andrea Soltoggio

A central challenge in image-based Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) is to learn representations that distill essential information from irrelevant visual details. While promising, reconstruction-based methods often waste capacity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Naoki Morihira , Amal Nahar , Kartik Bharadwaj , Yasuhiro Kato , Akinobu Hayashi , Tatsuya Harada

Visual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) promises to encapsulate agent's knowledge about the underlying dynamics of the environment, enabling learning a world model as a useful planner. However, top MBRL agents such as Dreamer often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ruixiang Sun , Hongyu Zang , Xin Li , Riashat Islam

World models enable agents to plan within imagined environments by predicting future states conditioned on past observations and actions. However, their ability to plan over long horizons is limited by the effective memory span of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Eli J. Laird , Corey Clark

The transformer architecture and variants presented remarkable success across many machine learning tasks in recent years. This success is intrinsically related to the capability of handling long sequences and the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Luckeciano C. Melo

Autonomous vehicles inevitably encounter a vast array of scenarios in real-world environments. Addressing long-tail scenarios, particularly those involving intensive interactions with numerous traffic participants, remains one of the most…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Guanzhou Li , Jianping Wu , Yujing He

Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) poses significant challenges due to the exponential growth of state and action spaces and the non-stationary nature of multiagent environments. This results in notable sample inefficiency and hinders…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Ranveer Singh , Harsha Kokel , Sriraam Natarajan , Prasad Tadepalli

Solving long-horizon, temporally-extended tasks using Reinforcement Learning (RL) is challenging, compounded by the common practice of learning without prior knowledge (or tabula rasa learning). Humans can generate and execute plans with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Bharat Prakash , Tim Oates , Tinoosh Mohsenin

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) holds the promise of sample-efficient learning by utilizing a world model, which models how the environment works and typically encompasses components for two tasks: observation modeling and reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Haoyu Ma , Jialong Wu , Ningya Feng , Chenjun Xiao , Dong Li , Jianye Hao , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) has gained much attention for its ability to learn complex behaviors in a sample-efficient way: planning actions by generating imaginary trajectories with predicted rewards. Despite its success, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Vint Lee , Pieter Abbeel , Youngwoon Lee

Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables an intelligent agent to optimise its performance in a task by continuously taking action from an observed state and receiving a feedback from the environment in form of rewards. RL typically uses tables…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alberto Castagna

Reinforcement Learning (RL) applications in real-world scenarios must prioritize safety and reliability, which impose strict constraints on agent behavior. Model-based RL leverages predictive world models for action planning and policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Artem Latyshev , Gregory Gorbov , Aleksandr I. Panov

Decision Transformer-based decision-making agents have shown the ability to generalize across multiple tasks. However, their performance relies on massive data and computation. We argue that this inefficiency stems from the forgetting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jikun Kang , Romain Laroche , Xingdi Yuan , Adam Trischler , Xue Liu , Jie Fu

Language models trained on diverse datasets unlock generalization by in-context learning. Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies can achieve a similar effect by meta-learning within the memory of a sequence model. However, meta-RL research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jake Grigsby , Justin Sasek , Samyak Parajuli , Daniel Adebi , Amy Zhang , Yuke Zhu

One of the biggest challenges to modern deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms is sample efficiency. Many approaches learn a world model in order to train an agent entirely in imagination, eliminating the need for direct environment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Paul Mattes , Rainer Schlosser , Ralf Herbrich

Online Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising paradigm for enhancing GUI agents through direct environment interaction. However, its effectiveness is severely hindered by inefficient credit assignment in long-horizon tasks and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Han Xiao , Guozhi Wang , Hao Wang , Shilong Liu , Yuxiang Chai , Yue Pan , Yufeng Zhou , Xiaoxin Chen , Yafei Wen , Hongsheng Li