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Disease outbreaks, such as those of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in 2003 and the 2009 pandemic A(H1N1) influenza, have highlighted the potential for airborne transmission in indoor environments. Respirable pathogen-carrying droplets…
Infectious diseases spread via pathogens such as viruses and bacteria. Airborne pathogen transmission via droplets is an important mode for infectious diseases. In this paper, the spreading mechanism of infectious diseases by airborne…
This paper proposes a hypothetical model for the dual role of respiratory aerosols and inflammatory exudates in the dynamics and progression of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection. Starting from a new paradigm in infectious disease transmission, we…
Knowing the physicochemical properties of exhaled droplets and aerosol particles is a prerequisite for a detailed mechanistic understanding and effective prevention of the airborne transmission of infectious human diseases. This article…
COVID-19 pandemic has strikingly demonstrated how important it is to develop fundamental knowledge related to generation, transport and inhalation of pathogen-laden droplets and their subsequent possible fate as airborne particles, or…
A deterministic pathogen transmission model based on high-fidelity physics has been developed. The model combines computational fluid dynamics and computational crowd dynamics in order to be able to provide accurate tracing of viral matter…
In the case of airborne diseases, pathogen copies are transmitted by droplets of respiratory tract fluid that are exhaled by the infectious and, after partial or full drying, inhaled as aerosols by the susceptible. The risk of infection in…
A high fidelity model for the propagation of pathogens via aerosols in the presence of moving pedestrians is proposed. The key idea is the tight coupling of computational fluid dynamics and computational crowd dynamics in order to capture…
Inhalation directs air through a defined pathway, initiating from nostrils, moving through the main nasal cavity, past the pharynx and trachea, and culminating in the lungs. Inhaled particles, of a range of sizes, are ferried by this…
Could the microdroplets formed by viscoelastic stretching and break-up of mucosal liquids in the upper respiratory tract (URT), when inhaled further downwind, explain the brisk pace at which deep lung infections emerge following onset of…
In this paper, we propose studying the disease spread mechanism in the atmosphere as an engineering problem. Aerosol transmission is the most significant mode among the viral transmission mechanisms that do not include physical contact,…
Airborne pathogen transmission mechanisms play a key role in the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. In this work, we propose a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to model and statistically characterize airborne…
The COVID-19 pandemic is largely caused by airborne transmission, a phenomenon that rapidly gained the attention of the scientific community. Social distancing is of paramount importance to limit the spread of the disease, but to design…
Short-range exposure to airborne virus-laden respiratory droplets is now acknowledged as an effective transmission route of respiratory diseases, as exemplified by COVID-19. In order to assess the risks associated with this pathway in…
Pathogens in droplets on fomites and aerosols go through extreme physiochemical conditions, such as confinement and osmotic stress, due to evaporation. Still, these droplets are the predominant transmission routes of many contagious…
Airborne viruses, such as influenza, tuberculosis, and SARS-CoV-2, are transmitted through virus-laden particles expelled when an infectious person sneezes, coughs, talks, or breathes. These virus-laden particles are more highly…
In this work we investigate viral load propagation due to liquid droplets expelled during respiratory actions. We describe a mechanism of the transmission of such evaporating system and analyze dependence on several ambient parameters for…
The transmission of viruses/ bacteria cause infection predominantly via aerosols. The transmission mechanism of respiratory diseases is complex, including direct or indirect contact, large droplet, and airborne routes apart from close…
Airborne diseases can be transmitted by infectious aerosols in the near field, i.e., in close proximity, or in the far field, i.e., by infectious aerosols that are well mixed within the indoor air. Is it possible to say which mode of…
A model that predicts the outcome of collisions between droplets and particles in terms of the distribution of the droplet volume post-collision is lacking, in contrast to the case for droplet-droplet interactions. Taking existing models…