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In this article, we give a precise mathematical meaning to `linear? time' that matches experimental behaviour of the algorithm. The sorting algorithm is not our own, it is a variant of radix sort with counting sort as a subroutine. The true…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Laurent Lyaudet

The $B^{\epsilon}$-tree [Brodal and Fagerberg 2003] is a simple I/O-efficient external-memory-model data structure that supports updates orders of magnitude faster than B-tree with a query performance comparable to the B-tree: for any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Rathish Das , John Iacono , Yakov Nekrich

In this paper we present novel algorithmic techniques with a O(H(N)+N/H(N)) time complexity for performing several types of queries and updates on general rooted trees, binary search trees and lists of size N. For rooted trees we introduce…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Mugurel Ionut Andreica

Log-Structured Merge (LSM) Trees provide a tiered data storage and retrieval paradigm that is attractive for write-optimized data systems. Maintaining an efficient buffer in memory and deferring updates past their initial write-time, the…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Aron Szanto

Suffix tree (and the closely related suffix array) are fundamental structures capturing all substrings of a given text essentially by storing all its suffixes in the lexicographical order. In some applications, we work with a subset of $b$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Paweł Gawrychowski , Tomasz Kociumaka

In this paper, we present a new data structure called the packed compact trie (packed c-trie) which stores a set $S$ of $k$ strings of total length $n$ in $n \log\sigma + O(k \log n)$ bits of space and supports fast pattern matching queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Takuya Takagi , Shunsuke Inenaga , Kunihiko Sadakane , Hiroki Arimura

In this paper, we present a probabilistic self-balancing dictionary data structure for massive data sets, and prove expected amortized I/O-optimal bounds on the dictionary operations. We show how to use the structure as an I/O-optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Saju Jude Dominic , G. Sajith

A data structure, called a biased range tree, is presented that preprocesses a set S of n points in R^2 and a query distribution D for 2-sided orthogonal range counting queries. The expected query time for this data structure, when queries…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2008-06-18 Vida Dujmovic , John Howat , Pat Morin

Merkle trees have become a widely successful cryptographic data structure. Enabling a vast variety of applications from checking for inconsistencies in databases like Dynamo to essential tools like Git to large scale distributed systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Anoushk Kharangate

Efficient spatial indexing is crucial for processing large-scale spatial data. Traditional spatial indexes, such as STR-Tree and Quad-Tree, organize spatial objects based on coarse approximations, such as their minimum bounding rectangles…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xiangyang Yang , Xuefeng Guan , Lanxue Dang , Yi Xie , Qingyang Xu , Huayi Wu , Jiayao Wang

As data volumes continue to grow rapidly, traditional search algorithms, like the red-black tree and B+ Tree, face increasing challenges in performance, especially in big data scenarios with intensive storage access. This paper presents the…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Songpeng Liu

Association rule mining techniques can generate a large volume of sequential data when implemented on transactional databases. Extracting insights from a large set of association rules has been found to be a challenging process. When…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Mikhail Kudriavtsev , Marija Bezbradica , Andrew McCarren

The tremendous expanse of search engines, dictionary and thesaurus storage, and other text mining applications, combined with the popularity of readily available scanning devices and optical character recognition tools, has necessitated…

Databases · Computer Science 2012-07-04 Sourav Dutta , Arnab Bhattacharya

Motivated by an application in computational topology, we consider a novel variant of the problem of efficiently maintaining dynamic rooted trees. This variant requires merging two paths in a single operation. In contrast to the standard…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-11-13 Loukas Georgiadis , Haim Kaplan , Nira Shafrir , Robert E. Tarjan , Renato F. Werneck

We consider the classic partial sums problem on the ultra-wide word RAM model of computation. This model extends the classic $w$-bit word RAM model with special ultrawords of length $w^2$ bits that support standard arithmetic and boolean…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Frederik Rye Skjoldjensen

Work introduces a hierarchical binary tree-based reduction that replaces standard self-attention. The core idea is to use a recursive Gated Linear Unit merge operation, achieving O(n) total merge operations O(log n) parallel depth O(n d^2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Igor Berezkin

We present a novel method for efficiently searching top-k neighbors for documents represented in high dimensional space of terms based on the cosine similarity. Mostly, documents are stored as bag-of-words tf-idf representation. One of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-05-24 Gaurav Singh , Benjamin Piwowarski

The Suffix Array SA(S) of a string S[1 ... n] is an array containing all the suffixes of S sorted by lexicographic order. The suffix array is one of the most well known indexing data structures, and it functions as a key tool in many string…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Amihood Amir , Itai Boneh

Traditional indexing techniques commonly employed in da\-ta\-ba\-se systems perform poorly on multidimensional array scientific data. Bitmap indices are widely used in commercial databases for processing complex queries, due to their…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Luboš Krčál , Shen-Shyang Ho , Jan Holub

We obtain a closed-form expression for the Wiener index of binomial trees. We outline efficient algorithms for computing the Wiener indices of Fibonacci and binary Fibonacci trees.

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2009-10-26 K. Viswanathan Iyer , K. R. Uday Kumar Reddy