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Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3 and GPT-4, have demonstrated exceptional performance in various natural language processing tasks and have shown the ability to solve certain reasoning problems. However, their reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Adam Ishay , Zhun Yang , Joohyung Lee

We introduce GQA, a new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering, seeking to address key shortcomings of previous VQA datasets. We have developed a strong and robust question engine that leverages scene…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Drew A. Hudson , Christopher D. Manning

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) mimic human perception and reasoning system by integrating powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) with various modality encoders (e.g., vision, audio), positioning LLMs as the "brain" and various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Jiaxing Huang , Jingyi Zhang

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are typically trained on vast corpora of image-text data but are often limited in linguistic coverage, leading to biased and unfair outputs across languages. While prior work has explored multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Ananya Raval , Aravind Narayanan , Vahid Reza Khazaie , Shaina Raza

Can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) develop an intuitive number sense similar to humans? Targeting this problem, we introduce Visual Number Benchmark (VisNumBench) to evaluate the number sense abilities of MLLMs across a wide range…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tengjin Weng , Jingyi Wang , Wenhao Jiang , Zhong Ming

While there is much excitement about the potential of large multimodal models (LMM), a comprehensive evaluation is critical to establish their true capabilities and limitations. In support of this aim, we evaluate two state-of-the-art LMMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Mengchen Liu , Chongyan Chen , Danna Gurari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive generation capabilities, but they suffer from hallucinations when solely relying on their internal knowledge, especially when answering questions that require less commonly known…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Tong Niu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu , Shafiq Joty , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded remarkably in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, yet their reasoning capabilities remain a fundamental challenge. While LLMs exhibit impressive fluency and factual recall, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Avinash Patil , Aryan Jadon

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI's o1 and DeepSeek's R1, excel at advanced reasoning tasks like math and coding via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), but still struggle with puzzles solvable by humans…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiangjie Chen , Qianyu He , Siyu Yuan , Aili Chen , Zhicheng Cai , Weinan Dai , Hongli Yu , Qiying Yu , Xuefeng Li , Jiaze Chen , Hao Zhou , Mingxuan Wang

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding and reasoning about both visual and textual information. However, existing evaluation methods for LVLMs, primarily based on benchmarks like Visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Xinyu Wang , Bohan Zhuang , Qi Wu

Large language models (LLMs), such as LLaMA, Alpaca, Vicuna, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4, have advanced the performance of AI systems on various natural language processing tasks to human-like levels. However, their generalisation and robustness when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Qiming Bao , Gael Gendron , Alex Yuxuan Peng , Wanjun Zhong , Neset Tan , Yang Chen , Michael Witbrock , Jiamou Liu

With the rapid progress of Multimodal LLMs, evaluating their mathematical reasoning capabilities has become an increasingly important research direction. In particular, visual-textual mathematical reasoning serves as a key indicator of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hao Liang , Linzhuang Sun , Minxuan Zhou , Zirong Chen , Meiyi Qiang , Mingan Lin , Tianpeng Li , Fan Yang , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revitalized philosophical debates surrounding artificial intelligence. Two of the most fundamental challenges - namely, the Frame Problem and the Symbol Grounding Problem - have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Shoko Oka

Large Language Models (LLMs) are highly proficient in language-based tasks. Their language capabilities have positioned them at the forefront of the future AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) race. However, on closer inspection, Valmeekam…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Soham Bhattacharjee , Asif Ekbal

Although vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved significant success in various applications such as visual question answering, their resilience to prompt variations remains an under-explored area. Understanding how distractions affect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ming Liu , Hao Chen , Jindong Wang , Wensheng Zhang

The rapid advancement of native multi-modal models and omni-models, exemplified by GPT-4o, Gemini, and o3, with their capability to process and generate content across modalities such as text and images, marks a significant milestone in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Meng-Hao Guo , Xuanyu Chu , Qianrui Yang , Zhe-Han Mo , Yiqing Shen , Pei-lin Li , Xinjie Lin , Jinnian Zhang , Xin-Sheng Chen , Yi Zhang , Kiyohiro Nakayama , Zhengyang Geng , Houwen Peng , Han Hu , Shi-Min Hu

Multimodal reasoning remains a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence. Despite substantial advances in text-based reasoning, even state-of-the-art models such as GPT-o3 struggle to maintain strong performance in multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Hao Liang , Ruitao Wu , Bohan Zeng , Junbo Niu , Wentao Zhang , Bin Dong

Question decomposition has emerged as an effective strategy for prompting Large Language Models (LLMs) to answer complex questions. However, while existing methods primarily focus on unimodal language models, the question decomposition…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Haowei Zhang , Jianzhe Liu , Zhen Han , Shuo Chen , Bailan He , Volker Tresp , Zhiqiang Xu , Jindong Gu

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at many multimodal tasks, yet their cognitive processes remain opaque on complex lateral thinking challenges like rebus puzzles. While recent work has demonstrated these models struggle significantly with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Prahitha Movva

Within the multimodal field, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have made significant progress due to their strong perception and reasoning capabilities in the visual and language systems. However, LVLMs are still plagued by the two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Sirui Cheng , Siyu Zhang , Jiayi Wu , Muchen Lan