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Early DNA foundation models adopted BERT-style training, achieving good performance on DNA understanding tasks but lacking generative capabilities. Recent autoregressive models enable DNA generation, but employ left-to-right causal modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhao Yang , Hengchang Liu , Chuan Cao , Bing Su

Recent endeavors in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) aim to unify visual comprehension and generation by combining LLM and diffusion models, the state-of-the-art in each task, respectively. Existing approaches rely on spatial visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Kaihang Pan , Wang Lin , Zhongqi Yue , Tenglong Ao , Liyu Jia , Wei Zhao , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Hanwang Zhang

This paper introduces a discrete diffusion model (DDM) framework for text-aligned speech tokenization and reconstruction. By replacing the auto-regressive speech decoder with a discrete diffusion counterpart, our model achieves…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Pin-Jui Ku , He Huang , Jean-Marie Lemercier , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Zhehuai Chen , Ante Jukić

Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text via iterative denoising but consistently underperform on multi-step reasoning. We hypothesize this gap stems from a coordination problem: AR models build coherence token-by-token, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Earl J St Sauver

Recent advances in generative modeling, namely Diffusion models, have revolutionized generative modeling, enabling high-quality image generation tailored to user needs. This paper proposes a framework for the generative design of structural…

Unlike autoregressive language models, which terminate variable-length generation upon predicting an End-of-Sequence (EoS) token, Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) operate over a fixed maximum-length context window for a predetermined number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vittorio Rossi , Giacomo Cirò , Davide Beltrame , Luca Gandolfi , Paul Röttger , Dirk Hovy

Single-cell RNA-seq profiles are high-dimensional, sparse, and unordered, causing autoregressive generation to impose an artificial ordering bias and suffer from error accumulation. To address this, we propose scDiVa, a masked discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mingxuan Wang , Cheng Chen , Gaoyang Jiang , Zijia Ren , Chuangxin Zhao , Lu Shi , Yanbiao Ma

Recent research on motion generation has shown significant progress in generating semantically aligned motion with singular semantics. However, when employing these models to create composite sequences containing multiple semantically…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ho Yin Au , Jie Chen , Junkun Jiang , Jingyu Xiang

Pre-trained diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in synthesizing images across a wide range of scenarios with customizable prompts, indicating their effective capacity to capture universal features. Motivated by this,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuxiang Ji , Boyong He , Chenyuan Qu , Zhuoyue Tan , Chuan Qin , Liaoni Wu

The paradigm of Large Language Models (LLMs) is currently defined by auto-regressive (AR) architectures, which generate text through a sequential ``brick-by-brick'' process. Despite their success, AR models are inherently constrained by a…

In-Context Learning and Chain-of-Thought prompting improve reasoning in large language models (LLMs). These typically come at the cost of longer, more expensive prompts that may contain redundant information. Prompt compression based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Caleb Zheng , Jyotika Singh , Fang Tu , Weiyi Sun , Sujeeth Bharadwaj , Yassine Benajiba , Sujith Ravi , Eli Shlizerman , Dan Roth

Deep learning has transformed protein design, enabling accurate structure prediction, sequence optimization, and de novo protein generation. Advances in single-chain protein structure prediction via AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, ESMFold, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gregory W. Kyro , Tianyin Qiu , Victor S. Batista

Part of the success of diffusion models stems from their ability to perform iterative refinement, i.e., repeatedly correcting outputs during generation. However, modern masked discrete diffusion lacks this capability: when a token is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guanghan Wang , Yair Schiff , Subham Sekhar Sahoo , Volodymyr Kuleshov

Diffusion language models promise bidirectional context and infilling capabilities that autoregressive coders lack, yet practical systems remain heavyweight. We introduce CoDA, a 1.7B-parameter diffusion coder trained on TPU with a fully…

Modern Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can solve a wide range of tasks requiring visual reasoning. In real-world scenarios, desirable properties for VLMs include fast inference and controllable generation (e.g., constraining outputs to adhere…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shufan Li , Konstantinos Kallidromitis , Hritik Bansal , Akash Gokul , Yusuke Kato , Kazuki Kozuka , Jason Kuen , Zhe Lin , Kai-Wei Chang , Aditya Grover

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have strong theoretical efficiency but are limited by fixed-length decoding and incompatibility with key-value (KV) caches. Block diffusion mitigates these issues, yet still enforces a fixed block size and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yangzhou Liu , Yue Cao , Hao Li , Gen Luo , Zhe Chen , Weiyun Wang , Xiaobo Liang , Biqing Qi , Lijun Wu , Changyao Tian , Yanting Zhang , Yuqiang Li , Tong Lu , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai , Wenhai Wang

Deep neural-network-based language models (LMs) are increasingly applied to large-scale protein sequence data to predict protein function. However, being largely black-box models and thus challenging to interpret, current protein LM…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-06 Mai Ha Vu , Rahmad Akbar , Philippe A. Robert , Bartlomiej Swiatczak , Victor Greiff , Geir Kjetil Sandve , Dag Trygve Truslew Haug

Recently, diffusion models have emerged as a new paradigm for generative models. Despite the success in domains using continuous signals such as vision and audio, adapting diffusion models to natural language is under-explored due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shansan Gong , Mukai Li , Jiangtao Feng , Zhiyong Wu , Lingpeng Kong