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Language models for molecular design have scaled to hundreds of millions of parameters, yet how they learn chemical grammar is poorly understood. We train SMolLM, a 53K-parameter weight-shared transformer, to generate novel SMILES with 95%…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Akhil Jindal , Harang Ju

Chemical reasoning inherently integrates visual, textual, and symbolic modalities, yet existing benchmarks rarely capture this complexity, often relying on simple image-text pairs with limited chemical semantics. As a result, the actual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zhiyuan Huang , Baichuan Yang , Zikun He , Yanhong Wu , Fang Hongyu , Zhenhe Liu , Lin Dongsheng , Bing Su

Accurate prediction of molecular properties in complex chemical systems is crucial for accelerating material discovery and chemical innovation. However, current computational methods often struggle to capture the intricate compositional…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Jinming Fan , Chao Qian , Shaodong Zhou

Inspired by its success in natural language processing and computer vision, pre-training has attracted substantial attention in cheminformatics and bioinformatics, especially for molecule based tasks. A molecule can be represented by either…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-14 Jinhua Zhu , Yingce Xia , Tao Qin , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li , Tie-Yan Liu

Image matching, which aims to identify corresponding pixel locations between images, is crucial in a wide range of scientific disciplines, aiding in image registration, fusion, and analysis. In recent years, deep learning-based image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Xingyi He , Hao Yu , Sida Peng , Dongli Tan , Zehong Shen , Hujun Bao , Xiaowei Zhou

Representation learning for images has been advanced by recent progress in more complex neural models such as the Vision Transformers and new learning theories such as the structural causal models. However, these models mainly rely on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Zitan Chen , Zhuang Qi , Xiao Cao , Xiangxian Li , Xiangxu Meng , Lei Meng

We have developed a deep learning algorithm for chemical shift prediction for atoms in molecular crystals that utilizes an atom-centered Gaussian density model for the 3D data representation of a molecule. We define multiple channels that…

Accurately predicting molecular properties is a challenging but essential task in drug discovery. Recently, many mono-modal deep learning methods have been successfully applied to molecular property prediction. However, the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Xiaohua Lu , Liangxu Xie , Lei Xu , Rongzhi Mao , Shan Chang , Xiaojun Xu

Predicting molecular properties with data-driven methods has drawn much attention in recent years. Particularly, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated remarkable success in various molecular generation and prediction tasks. In…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-10-19 Zaixi Zhang , Qi Liu , Hao Wang , Chengqiang Lu , Chee-Kong Lee

The task of multi-label image classification is to recognize all the object labels presented in an image. Though advancing for years, small objects, similar objects and objects with high conditional probability are still the main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Xing Cheng , Hezheng Lin , Xiangyu Wu , Fan Yang , Dong Shen , Zhongyuan Wang , Nian Shi , Honglin Liu

Retrosynthesis prediction is fundamental to drug discovery and chemical synthesis, requiring the identification of reactants that can produce a target molecule. Current template-free methods struggle to capture the structural invariance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaxi Zhuang , Yu Zhang , Aimin Zhou , Ying Qian

How to effectively represent molecules is a long-standing challenge for molecular property prediction and drug discovery. This paper studies this problem and proposes to incorporate chemical domain knowledge, specifically related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Liang Zeng , Lanqing Li , Jian Li

The revolution in materials in the past century was built on a knowledge of the atomic arrangements and the structure-property relationship. The sine qua non for obtaining quantitative structural information is single crystal…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-12-27 Gabe Guo , Judah Goldfeder , Ling Lan , Aniv Ray , Albert Hanming Yang , Boyuan Chen , Simon JL Billinge , Hod Lipson

Hyperspectral imaging can help better understand the characteristics of different materials, compared with traditional image systems. However, only high-resolution multispectral (HrMS) and low-resolution hyperspectral (LrHS) images can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Qi Xie , Minghao Zhou , Qian Zhao , Deyu Meng , Wangmeng Zuo , Zongben Xu

Molecular representation learning is vital for various downstream applications, including the analysis and prediction of molecular properties and side effects. While Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been a popular framework for modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Pengcheng Jiang , Cao Xiao , Tianfan Fu , Parminder Bhatia , Taha Kass-Hout , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

The goal of our research is to develop methods advancing automatic visual recognition. In order to predict the unique or multiple labels associated to an image, we study different kind of Deep Neural Networks architectures and methods for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-10-19 Rémi Cadène , Nicolas Thome , Matthieu Cord

Object segmentation and structure localization are important steps in automated image analysis pipelines for microscopy images. We present a convolution neural network (CNN) based deep learning architecture for segmentation of objects in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Shan E Ahmed Raza , Linda Cheung , Muhammad Shaban , Simon Graham , David Epstein , Stella Pelengaris , Michael Khan , Nasir M. Rajpoot

Effectively predicting molecular interactions has the potential to accelerate molecular dynamics by multiple orders of magnitude and thus revolutionize chemical simulations. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently shown great successes…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Johannes Gasteiger , Florian Becker , Stephan Günnemann

Deep learning has led to a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, including web, text and image search, speech recognition, as well as bioinformatics, with growing impact in chemical physics. Machine learning in general and deep…

Deformable shape representations, parameterized by deformations relative to a given template, have proven effective for improved image analysis tasks. However, their broader applicability is hindered by two major challenges. First, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Tonmoy Hossain , Miaomiao Zhang