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While supermassive black hole masses have been cataloged across cosmic time, only a few dozen of them have robust spin measurements. By extending and improving the existing Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) array, the next-generation Event…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-09 Angelo Ricarte , Paul Tiede , Razieh Emami , Aditya Tamar , Priyamvada Natarajan

In Very-Long Baseline Interferometric arrays, nearly co-located stations probe the largest scales and typically cannot resolve the observed source. In the absence of large-scale structure, closure phases constructed with these stations are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-06 Boris Georgiev , Paul Tiede , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Michael Janssen , Iniyan Natarajan , Lindy Blackburn , Jongho Park , Erandi Chavez , Andrew T. West , Kotaro Moriyama , Jun Yi Koay , Hendrik Müller , Dhanya G. Nair , Avery E. Broderick , Maciek Wielgus , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Uwe Bach , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Baloković , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Michi Bauböck , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Douglas F. Carlos , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Dominic O. Chang , Koushik Chatterjee , Shami Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Paul Chichura , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , Nicholas S. Conroy , John E. Conway , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Rohan Dahale , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Gregory Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , Indu K. Dihingia , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sergio A. Dzib , Ralph P. Eatough , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Marianna Foschi , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , José L. Gómez , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Adam C. Jones , Abhishek V. Joshi , Taehyun Jung , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Joana A. Kramer , Michael Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Deokhyeong Lee , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Shaoling Li , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Mikhail Lisakov , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Amy E. Lowitz , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , Joshua Montgomery , James M. Moran , Monika Moscibrodzka , Wanga Mulaudzi , Cornelia Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Gopal Narayanan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Chunchong Ni , Michael A. Nowak , Junghwan Oh , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Georgios Filippos Paraschos , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Alexander Plavin , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Ben Prather , Giacomo Principe , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Alexandra Rahlin , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Angelo Ricarte , Luca Ricci , Bart Ripperda , Jan Röder , Freek Roelofs , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , León D. S. Salas , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , Saurabh , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Jonathan Schonfeld , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Sasikumar Silpa , Des Small , Randall Smith , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Kamal Souccar , Joshua S. Stanway , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Teresa Toscano , Efthalia Traianou , Tyler Trent , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jasmin E. Washington , Jonathan Weintroub , Robert Wharton , Kaj Wiik , Gunther Witzel , Michael F. Wondrak , George N. Wong , Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn , Qingwen Wu , Nitika Yadlapalli , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ziri Younsi , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , Ai-Ling Zeng , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao

Obtaining high-resolution images at centimeter-or-longer wavelengths is vital for understanding the physics of jets. We reconstructed images from the M87 22 GHz data observed with the East Asian VLBI Network (EAVN) by using the regularized…

A new image-reconstruction algorithm, PRIMO, applied to the interferometric data of the M87 black hole collected with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), resulted in an image that reached the native resolution of the telescope array. PRIMO…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-21 Dimitrios Psaltis , Feryal Ozel , Lia Medeiros , Tod R. Lauer

The stellar dynamic-based black hole mass measurements of M87 are twice that determined via ionized gas kinematics; the former is closer to the estimation from the diameter of the gravitationally-lensed ring around the black hole. Using…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-11-01 J. Osorno , N. Nagar , T. Richtler , P. Humire , K. Gebhardt , K. Gultekin

The Event Horizon Telescope Consortium is on the verge to provide the first telescopic image of massive black holes SgrA* and M87* surrounded by accretion disks, at a resolution scale comparable to the size of their event horizons. Well…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-01 Jean-Pierre Luminet

We investigate how magnetic field variations around accreting black holes on event horizon scales affect the morphology of magnetically-driven jet on larger scales. By performing radiative transfer calculations on general relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-24 Yuh Tsunetoe , Ramesh Narayan , Angelo Ricarte

We analyze two 3D general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic accretion simulations in the context of how they would manifest in Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of supermassive black holes. The two simulations differ only in whether…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-06 Christopher J. White , Jason Dexter , Omer Blaes , Eliot Quataert

In view of the upcoming observations with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), we present our thoughts on the immediate environment of an astrophysical black hole. We are concerned that two approximations used in general relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-12-20 Ioannis Contopoulos

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) provides the highest-resolution images in astronomy. The sharpest resolution is nominally achieved at the highest frequencies, but as the observing frequency increases so too does the atmospheric…

The Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) is a space very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) mission concept that is currently under development. BHEX will study supermassive black holes at unprecedented resolution, isolating the signature of the…

We examine the justification for taking the Event Horizon Telescope's famous 2019 image to be a reliable representation of the region surrounding a black hole. We argue that it takes the form of a robustness argument, with the resulting…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2024-01-30 Juliusz Doboszewski , Jamee Elder

Over the past decades, there has been significant progress in our understanding of accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) that drive active galactic nuclei (AGNs), both from observational and theoretical perspectives. As an iconic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-12-11 Kazuhiro Hada , Keiichi Asada , Masanori Nakamura , Motoki Kino

The horizon-scale images of supermassive black holes (BHs) by the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (EHT) have provided new opportunities to test general relativity and other theories of gravity. In view of future projects, such as the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-12 Akhil Uniyal , Indu K. Dihingia , Yosuke Mizuno , Luciano Rezzolla

Black holes hold a tremendous discovery potential. In this paper the extent to which the Event Horizon Telescope and its next generation upgrade can resolve their structure is quantified. Black holes are characterized by a perfectly…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-16 Raúl Carballo-Rubio , Vitor Cardoso , Ziri Younsi

Images of supermassive black hole accretion flows contain features of both curved spacetime and plasma structure. Inferring properties of the spacetime from images requires modeling the plasma properties, and vice versa. The Event Horizon…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-09 Daniel C. M. Palumbo , George N. Wong , Andrew A. Chael , Michael D. Johnson

Photon rings near the edge of a black hole shadow is supposed to be a unique tool to validate general relativity and provide reliable measurements of principal black hole parameters: spin and mass. Such measurements are possible though only…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 A. Andrianov , S. Chernov , I. Girin , S. Likhachev , A. Lyakhovets , Yu. Shchekinov

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has recently published the first images of the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). Imaging Sgr A* is plagued by two major challenges: variability on short…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-29 Noemi La Bella , Sara Issaoun , Freek Roelofs , Christian Fromm , Heino Falcke

A long standing goal in astrophysics is to directly observe the immediate environment of a black hole with angular resolution comparable to the event horizon. Realizing this goal would open a new window on the study of General Relativity in…

The recent 230 GHz observations by the Event Horizon Telescope have resolved the innermost structure of the M87 galaxy, revealing a ring-like feature consistent with thermal synchrotron emission from a magnetized torus surrounding a…