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The lack of transparency in the decision-making processes of deep learning systems presents a significant challenge in modern artificial intelligence (AI), as it impairs users' ability to rely on and verify these systems. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-18 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Gabriele Ciravegna , Michelangelo Diligenti , Giuseppe Marra

Reasoning has emerged as a pivotal capability in Large Language Models (LLMs). Through Reinforcement Learning (RL), typically Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), these models are able to solve complex tasks such as mathematics and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinyu Tian , Shu Zou , Zhaoyuan Yang , Mengqi He , Fabian Waschkowski , Lukas Wesemann , Peter Tu , Jing Zhang

Clustering and prediction are two primary tasks in the fields of unsupervised and supervised learning, respectively. Although much of the recent advances in machine learning have been centered around those two tasks, the interdependent,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Yifeng Shi , Christopher M. Bender , Junier B. Oliva , Marc Niethammer

While previous multimodal slow-thinking methods have demonstrated remarkable success in single-image understanding scenarios, their effectiveness becomes fundamentally constrained when extended to more complex multi-image comprehension…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Guanghao Zhang , Tao Zhong , Yan Xia , Mushui Liu , Zhelun Yu , Haoyuan Li , Wanggui He , Fangxun Shu , Dong She , Yi Wang , Hao Jiang

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in image recognition, yet their inherent opacity poses challenges for deployment in critical domains. Concept-based interpretations aim to address this by explaining model reasoning through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shizhan Gong , Xiaofan Zhang , Qi Dou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in tasks like the Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC), showcasing advanced textual common-sense reasoning. However, applying this reasoning to multimodal domains, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Brendan Park , Madeline Janecek , Naser Ezzati-Jivan , Yifeng Li , Ali Emami

Existing reasoning segmentation approaches typically fine-tune multimodal large language models (MLLMs) using image-text pairs and corresponding mask labels. However, they exhibit limited generalization to out-of-distribution scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Song Wang , Gongfan Fang , Lingdong Kong , Xiangtai Li , Jianyun Xu , Sheng Yang , Qiang Li , Jianke Zhu , Xinchao Wang

Deep multi-view clustering incorporating graph learning has presented tremendous potential. Most methods encounter costly square time consumption w.r.t. data size. Theoretically, anchor-based graph learning can alleviate this limitation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bocheng Wang , Chusheng Zeng , Mulin Chen , Xuelong Li

Recently, newly developed Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as OpenAI's o1, have emerged, seemingly demonstrating advanced reasoning capabilities across text and image modalities. However, the depth of these advances in language-guided…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Antonia Wüst , Tim Woydt , Lukas Helff , Inga Ibs , Wolfgang Stammer , Devendra S. Dhami , Constantin A. Rothkopf , Kristian Kersting

Clustering face images according to their identity has two important applications: (i) grouping a collection of face images when no external labels are associated with images, and (ii) indexing for efficient large scale face retrieval. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-30 Yichun Shi , Charles Otto , Anil K. Jain

Clustering is a fundamental task in unsupervised learning that depends heavily on the data representation that is used. Deep generative models have appeared as a promising tool to learn informative low-dimensional data representations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Nicolás Astorga , Pablo Huijse , Pavlos Protopapas , Pablo Estévez

Clustering artworks is difficult for several reasons. On the one hand, recognizing meaningful patterns in accordance with domain knowledge and visual perception is extremely difficult. On the other hand, applying traditional clustering and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Giovanna Castellano , Gennaro Vessio

Clustering is an essential problem in machine learning and data mining. One vital factor that impacts clustering performance is how to learn or design the data representation (or features). Fortunately, recent advances in deep learning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-14 Gang Chen

Even though AI has advanced rapidly in recent years displaying success in solving highly complex problems, the class of Bongard Problems (BPs) yet remain largely unsolved by modern ML techniques. In this paper, we propose a new approach in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Salahedine Youssef , Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Bongard Problems (BPs) provide a challenging testbed for abstract visual reasoning (AVR), requiring models to identify visual concepts fromjust a few examples and describe them in natural language. Early BP benchmarks featured synthetic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Szymon Pawlonka , Mikołaj Małkiński , Jacek Mańdziuk

Generating interpretable visualizations from complex data is a common problem in many applications. Two key ingredients for tackling this issue are clustering and representation learning. However, current methods do not yet successfully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Laura Manduchi , Matthias Hüser , Julia Vogt , Gunnar Rätsch , Vincent Fortuin

While modern deep neural networks achieve impressive performance in vision tasks, they remain opaque in their decision processes, risking unwarranted trust, undetected biases and unexpected failures. We propose cluster paths, a post-hoc…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Nicholas M. Kroeger , Vincent Bindschaedler

Disentangled distributed representations of data are desirable for machine learning, since they are more expressive and can generalize from fewer examples. However, for complex data, the distributed representations of multiple objects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-21 Klaus Greff , Rupesh Kumar Srivastava , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) encounter two key issues in multi-image contexts: (1) a lack of fine-grained perception across disparate images, and (2) a diminished capability to effectively reason over and synthesize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Kuei-Chun Kao , Hsu Tzu-Yin , Yunqi Hong , Ruochen Wang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Probabilistic (or Bayesian) modeling and learning offers interesting possibilities for systematic representation of uncertainty using probability theory. However, probabilistic learning often leads to computationally challenging problems.…

Computation · Statistics 2018-03-14 Andreas Svensson , Thomas B. Schön , Fredrik Lindsten