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In the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), the laser subsystems exhibit frequency fluctuations that introduce significant levels of noise into the measurements, surpassing the gravitational wave signal by several…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-15 Philipp Euringer , Niklas Houba , Gerald Hechenblaikner , Oliver Mandel , Francis Soualle , Walter Fichter

Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) is the data processing technique that cancels the large laser phase fluctuations affecting the one-way Doppler measurements made by unequal-arm space-based gravitational wave interferometers. By taking finite…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-25 Massimo Tinto , Sanjeev Dhurandhar , Prasanna Joshi

Raw space-based gravitational-wave data like LISA's phase measurements are dominated by laser frequency noise. The standard technique to make this data usable for science is time-delay interferometry (TDI), which cancels laser noise terms…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-12 Quentin Baghi , John G. Baker , Jacob Slutsky , James Ira Thorpe

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) suppresses laser frequency noise by forming linear combinations of time-shifted interferometric measurements. The time-shift operation is implemented by interpolating discretely sampled data. To enable…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-16 Martin Staab , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Olaf Hartwig , Aurélien Hees , Marc Lilley , Graham Woan , Peter Wolf

Space-borne interferometric gravitational wave detectors, sensitive in the low-frequency (millihertz) band, will fly in the next decade. In these detectors the spacecraft-to-spacecraft light-travel-times will necessarily be unequal,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Massimo Tinto , Frank B. Estabrook , adn J. W. Armstrong

The future space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA will consist of a constellation of three spacecraft in a triangular constellation, connected by laser interferometers with 2.5 million-kilometer arms. Among other challenges, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-27 Quentin Baghi , James Ira Thorpe , Jacob Slutsky , John Baker

The space-based gravitational-wave observatory LISA, a NASA-ESA mission to be launched after 2012, will achieve its optimal sensitivity using Time Delay Interferometry (TDI), a LISA-specific technique needed to cancel the otherwise…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-17 Michele Vallisneri

Time delay interferometry (TDI) is a post-processing technique used in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reduce laser frequency noise by building an equal-arm interferometer via combining time-shifted raw phase measurements.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-06 Olaf Hartwig , Martina Muratore

Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is a processing step essential for the scientific exploitation of LISA, as it reduces the otherwise overwhelming laser noise in the interferometric measurements. The fundamental idea is to define new…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-09 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Michele Vallisneri , Stanislav Babak , Antoine Petiteau

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna is a joint ESA-NASA space-mission to detect and study mHz cosmic gravitational waves. The trajectories followed by its three spacecraft result in unequal- and time-varying arms, requiring use of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 Massimo Tinto , Olaf Hartwig

The proposed space-borne laser interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatory TianQin adopts a geocentric orbit for its nearly equilateral triangular constellation formed by three identical drag-free satellites. The geocentric distance…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-02 Ming-Yue Zhou , Xin-Chun Hu , Bobing Ye , Shoucun Hu , Dong-Dong Zhu , Xuefeng Zhang , Wei Su , Yan Wang

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a European Space Agency mission that aims to measure gravitational waves in the millihertz range. Laser frequency noise enters the interferometric measurements and dominates the expected…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Marc Lilley , Antoine Petiteau , Hubert Halloin

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), an ESA L-class mission, is designed to detect gravitational waves in the millihertz frequency band, with operations expected to begin in the next decade. LISA will enable studies of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-31 Niklas Houba , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Michele Vallisneri

The method of time delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to cancel the laser noise in space-borne gravitational-wave detectors. Among all different TDI combinations, the most commonly used ones are the orthogonal channels A, E and T, where…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-09 Zheng-Cheng Liang , Zhi-Yuan Li , Jun Cheng , En-Kun Li , Jian-dong Zhang , Yi-Ming Hu

In this work, we have built an experimental setup to simulate the clock noise transmission with two spacecrafts and two optical links, and further demonstrated the extraction of picometer level signal drowned by the large laser frequency…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-31 Mingyang Xu , Yujie Tan , Yurong Liang , Jiawen Zhi , Xiaoyang Guo , Dan Luo , Panpan Wang , Hanzhong Wu , Chenggang Shao

In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for LISA - a joint space mission of the ESA and NASA- the laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. By combining…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 S. V. Dhurandhar , K. Rajesh Nayak , J-Y. Vinet

Three spacecraft of LISA/TAIJI mission follow their respective geodesic trajectories, and their interferometric arms are unequal and time-varying due to orbital dynamics. Time-delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to suppress the laser…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-26 Gang Wang , Wei-Tou Ni

TianQin is a proposed geocentric space-based gravitational wave observatory mission, which requires time-delay interferometry (TDI) to cancel laser frequency noise. With high demands for precision, solar-wind plasma environment at $\sim…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-26 Yi-De Jing , Lu Zheng , Shutao Yang , Xuefeng Zhang , Lingfeng Lu , Binbin Tang , Wei Su

Interspacecraft ranging is crucial for the suppression of laser frequency noise via time-delay interferometry (TDI). So far, the effects of on-board delays and ambiguities on the LISA ranging observables were neglected in LISA modelling and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-17 Jan Niklas Reinhardt , Martin Staab , Kohei Yamamoto , Jean-Baptiste Bayle , Aurélien Hees , Olaf Hartwig , Karsten Wiesner , Sweta Shah , Gerhard Heinzel

In the detection of gravitational waves in space, the arm lengths between spacecraft are not equal due to their orbital motion. Consequently, the equal arm length Michelson interferometer used in Earth laboratories is not suitable for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Gang Wang