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This study addresses the challenges of tracking and analyzing students' learning trajectories, particularly the issue of inadequate knowledge coverage in course assessments. Traditional assessment tools often fail to fully cover course…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yu-Hxiang Chen , Ju-Shen Huang , Jia-Yu Hung , Chia-Kai Chang

Data augmentation is necessary for graph representation learning due to the scarcity and noise present in graph data. Most of the existing augmentation methods overlook the context information inherited from the dataset as they rely solely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yushi Feng , Tsai Hor Chan , Guosheng Yin , Lequan Yu

Integrating large language models (LLMs) with knowledge graphs derived from domain-specific data represents an important advancement towards more powerful and factual reasoning. As these models grow more capable, it is crucial to enable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Stefan Dernbach , Khushbu Agarwal , Alejandro Zuniga , Michael Henry , Sutanay Choudhury

The growing trend of Large Language Models (LLM) development has attracted significant attention, with models for various applications emerging consistently. However, the combined application of Large Language Models with semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Milena Trajanoska , Riste Stojanov , Dimitar Trajanov

Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities for constructing knowledge graphs (KGs) from unstructured clinical narratives. However, existing approaches often rely on structured inputs and lack robust validation of factual accuracy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Udiptaman Das , Krishnasai B. Atmakuri , Duy Ho , Chi Lee , Yugyung Lee

While large language models (LLMs) have made considerable advancements in understanding and generating unstructured text, their application in structured data remains underexplored. Particularly, using LLMs for complex reasoning tasks on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jiho Kim , Yeonsu Kwon , Yohan Jo , Edward Choi

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) presents transformative opportunities for personalized education. However, current implementations face two critical challenges: maintaining factual accuracy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Chenxi Dong , Yimin Yuan , Kan Chen , Shupei Cheng , Chujie Wen

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT3.5, GPT4 and LLAMA2 perform surprisingly well and outperform human experts on many tasks. However, in many domain-specific evaluations, these LLMs often suffer from hallucination problems due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuqi Wang , Boran Jiang , Yi Luo , Dawei He , Peng Cheng , Liangcai Gao

Prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), or providing context on the expected model of operation, is an effective way to steer the outputs of such models to satisfy human desiderata after they have been trained. But in rapidly evolving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Younwoo Choi , Muhammad Adil Asif , Ziwen Han , John Willes , Rahul G. Krishnan

Evaluating the open-form textual responses generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) typically requires measuring the semantic similarity of the response to a (human generated) reference. However, there is evidence that current semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Qiyao Wei , Edward Morrell , Lea Goetz , Mihaela van der Schaar

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation but struggle with complex problems. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this issue by integrating external knowledge, yet retrieval models often miss relevant context, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Shahd Seddik , Fahd Seddik , Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Minh Hieu Huynh , Patanamon Thongtanunam

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable in-context reasoning capabilities across a wide range of tasks, particularly with unstructured inputs such as language or images. However, LLMs struggle to handle structured data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jintang Li , Ruofan Wu , Yuchang Zhu , Huizhe Zhang , Liang Chen , Zibin Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) typically improve performance by either retrieving semantically similar information, or enhancing reasoning abilities through structured prompts like chain-of-thought. While both strategies are considered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Yejin Kim , Eojin Kang , Juae Kim , H. Howie Huang

The increasing amount of published scholarly articles, exceeding 2.5 million yearly, raises the challenge for researchers in following scientific progress. Integrating the contributions from scholarly articles into a novel type of cognitive…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Gollam Rabby , Sören Auer , Jennifer D'Souza , Allard Oelen

LLMs are frequently used tools for conversational generation. Without additional information LLMs can generate lower quality responses due to lacking relevant content and hallucinations, as well as the perception of poor emotional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Alex Clay , Ernesto Jiménez-Ruiz

The generation of questions and answers (QA) from knowledge graphs (KG) plays a crucial role in the development and testing of educational platforms, dissemination tools, and large language models (LLM). However, existing approaches often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sania Nayab , Marco Simoni , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino

Numerous Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are being created to make Recommender Systems (RSs) not only intelligent but also knowledgeable. Integrating a KG in the recommendation process allows the underlying model to extract reasoning paths between…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Giacomo Balloccu , Ludovico Boratto , Gianni Fenu , Mirko Marras

How to leverage large language model's superior capability in e-commerce recommendation has been a hot topic. In this paper, we propose LLM-PKG, an efficient approach that distills the knowledge of LLMs into product knowledge graph (PKG)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Menghan Wang , Yuchen Guo , Duanfeng Zhang , Jianian Jin , Minnie Li , Dan Schonfeld , Shawn Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

This survey investigates the synergistic relationship between Large Language Models (LLMs) and Knowledge Graphs (KGs), which is crucial for advancing AI's capabilities in understanding, reasoning, and language processing. It aims to address…

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