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The emergence of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in mission- and safety-critical applications brings their reliability to the front. High performance demands of DNNs require the use of specialized hardware accelerators. Systolic array…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Natalia Cherezova , Artur Jutman , Maksim Jenihhin

The stringent requirements for the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) accelerator's reliability stand along with the need for reducing the computational burden on the hardware platforms, i.e. reducing the energy consumption and execution time as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Mahdi Taheri , Natalia Cherezova , Mohammad Saeed Ansari , Maksim Jenihhin , Ali Mahani , Masoud Daneshtalab , Jaan Raik

Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators are extensively used to improve the computational efficiency of DNNs, but are prone to faults through Single-Event Upsets (SEUs). In this work, we present an in-depth analysis of the impact of SEUs on…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Naïn Jonckers , Toon Vinck , Gert Dekkers , Peter Karsmakers , Jeffrey Prinzie

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

Due to their growing popularity and computational cost, deep neural networks (DNNs) are being targeted for hardware acceleration. A popular architecture for DNN acceleration, adopted by the Google Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), utilizes a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Jeff Zhang , Tianyu Gu , Kanad Basu , Siddharth Garg

Deep Learning, and in particular, Deep Neural Network (DNN) is nowadays widely used in many scenarios, including safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving. In this context, besides energy efficiency and performance,…

Recent advances in deep learning have produced highly accurate but increasingly large and complex DNNs, making traditional fault-injection techniques impractical. Accurate fault analysis requires RTL-accurate hardware models. However, this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Rafael Billig Tonetto , Marcello Traiola , Fernando Fernandes dos Santos , Angeliki Kritikakou

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and, in particular, Machine Learning (ML) have emerged to be utilized in various applications due to their capability to learn how to solve complex problems. Over the last decade, rapid advances in ML have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Mahdi Taheri , Jaan Raik , Masoud Daneshtalab , Maksim Jenihhin

Hardware failures are a growing challenge for machine learning accelerators, many of which are based on systolic arrays. When a permanent hardware failure occurs in a systolic array, existing solutions include localizing and isolating the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Youssef A. Ait Alama , Sampada Sakpal , Ke Wang , Razvan Bunescu , Avinash Karanth , Ahmed Louri

Deep neural network (DNN) inference relies increasingly on specialized hardware for high computational efficiency. This work introduces a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based dynamically configurable accelerator featuring systolic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anastasios Petropoulos , Theodore Antonakopoulos

Nowadays, the extensive exploitation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in safety-critical applications raises new reliability concerns. In practice, methods for fault injection by emulation in hardware are efficient and widely used to study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Mahdi Taheri , Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Maksim Jenihhin , Masoud Daneshtalab , Jaan Raik

Systolic arrays are a prominent choice for deep neural network (DNN) accelerators because they offer parallelism and efficient data reuse. Improving the reliability of DNN accelerators is crucial as hardware faults can degrade the accuracy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Wei-Kai Liu

As Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are widely adopted in clouds to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNN), such virtualization environments have posed many new security issues. This work investigates the integrity of DNN FPGA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Yukui Luo , Cheng Gongye , Yunsi Fei , Xiaolin Xu

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and their accelerators are being deployed ever more frequently in safety-critical applications leading to increasing reliability concerns. A traditional and accurate method for assessing DNNs' reliability has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Mohammad Hasan Ahmadilivani , Mahdi Taheri , Jaan Raik , Masoud Daneshtalab , Maksim Jenihhin

Ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of DNN accelerators is paramount across various scenarios spanning autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance. However, current security approaches typically require extensive hardware resources,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wei Xuan , Zhongrui Wang , Lang Feng , Ning Lin , Zihao Xuan , Rongliang Fu , Tsung-Yi Ho , Yuzhong Jiao , Luhong Liang

Applying deep neural networks (DNNs) in mobile and safety-critical systems, such as autonomous vehicles, demands a reliable and efficient execution on hardware. Optimized dedicated hardware accelerators are being developed to achieve this.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Christoph Schorn , Thomas Elsken , Sebastian Vogel , Armin Runge , Andre Guntoro , Gerd Ascheid

A Deep Neural Network (DNN) based algorithm is proposed for the detection and classification of faults in industrial plants. The proposed algorithm has the ability to classify faults, especially incipient faults that are difficult to detect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Piyush Agarwal , Jorge Ivan Mireles Gonzalez , Ali Elkamel , Hector Budman

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in safety critical and privacy sensitive applications such as autonomous driving and biometric authentication, it is critical to understand the fault-tolerance nature of DNNs. Prior…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Abhishek Tyagi , Yiming Gan , Shaoshan Liu , Bo Yu , Paul Whatmough , Yuhao Zhu

This manuscript summarizes the work and showcases the impact of the doctoral thesis by introducing novel, cost-efficient methods for assessing and enhancing the reliability of DNN hardware accelerators. A comprehensive Systematic Literature…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mahdi Taheri

DNNs and LLMs increasingly rely on hardware accelerators, including in safety-critical domains, while technology scaling and growing model complexity make hardware faults more frequent. Existing system-level mechanisms typically treat the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiapeng Guan , Jie Zhang , Hao Zhou , Ran Wei , Dean You , Hui Wang , Yingquan Wang , Tinglue Wang , Xudong Zhao , Jing Li , Zhe Jiang
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